The thermally induced warpage of electronic substrates is a significant concern in manufacturing processes. The ability to evaluate substrate behavior with respect to temperature is particularly important to manufacturing engineers. Previous measurement of thermally induced warpage on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) using general Shadow Moiré cannot provide enough sensitivity for modern electroni...

There is growing evidence that individuation experience is necessary for development of expert object discrimination that transfers to new exemplars. Individuation training in human studies has primarily used label association tasks where labels are learned at both the individual and more abstract (basic) level, and expertise criterion requires that individual-level judgments become as fast as ...

This paper is to develop a knowledge management (KM) model in some Iranian academic research centers (ARC) based on KM critical success factors. General KM critical success factors (CSF) were identified through literature review. Then the research procedure led to the identification of KM critical success factors in Iranian ARCs including 16 different factors. It was done through first stage su...

Biological motion perception is influenced by observers' familiarity with the observed action. Here, we used classical dance as a means to investigate how visual and motor experience modulates perceptual mechanism for configural processing of actions. Although some ballet moves are performed by only one gender, male and female dancers train together and acquire visual knowledge of all ballet mo...

The paper shows how a system of important concepts and approaches proposed by system thinkers (such as philosophers, mathematicians, and computing scientists) has been used to understand and specify various kinds of business and IT systems, and to base the IT work on a solid foundation that can be used for communicating with non-IT experts, thus establishing successful and meaningful interactio...