one of the difficulties in using absolute altitudes is the separation between the mean open sealevel and geoid. theoretically, geoid is the base level in absolute altitudes, but practically, the mean open sealevel is used as a base level for absolute altitudes. the difference between these two levels is called as the seasurface topography. in this research, it is dealt the mean sea level modeli...

This study focuses on the shape optimization of concrete gravity dams considering dam–water–foundation interaction and nonlinear effects subject to earthquake. The concrete gravity dam is considered as a two–dimensional structure involving the geometry and material nonlinearity effects. For the description of the nonlinear behavior of concrete material under earthquake loads, the Drucker–Prager...

regional agreements can facilitate the integration of world economies by opening the borders to the trade development while accelerating technological changes and maintaining the economic growth. trade potential is defined as the trade that could be achieved at an optimum trade frontier with the open and frictionless trade possible through regional agreements based on the current level of trade...

geophysical fluids such as atmosphere and ocean often have stable density stratification; hence internal gravity waves are generated and propagated through them which are important in momentum and energy transfer in these media. these waves are also believed to generate layered structures in such media. recently there have been numerous theoretical, experimental and numerical studies on the way...

generally, gravity anomaly is the difference between the observed acceleration of earth's gravity and a normal value. topography (all masses above geoid) plays a main role in definition of the gravity anomaly. based on modeling of the effect of topography, there are different models of gravity anomaly such as free-air and bouguer anomaly. the main goal of the bouguer anomaly is removing of...

one of the difficulties in using absolute altitudes is the separation between the mean open sealevel and geoid. theoretically, geoid is the base level in absolute altitudes, but practically, the mean open sealevel is used as a base level for absolute altitudes. the difference between these two levels is called as the seasurface topography. in this research, it is dealt the mean sea level modeli...

changing altimetry information from satellites on the surface of seas and oceans, into anomaly gravity for example free air anomaly, is a fundamentally new method presented by researches. the determination of the free air gravity anomaly over the earth’s marine regions has led to a major improvement in our understanding of plate tectonic processes relating to oceanic ridges, the formation of ma...

the different similarity transformation (dst) technique (stavrev, 1997) utilizes a powerful and fully automatic tool for depth estimation of a point source through euler de-convolution. stavrev (1997) showed the results for the magnetic data of simple 2-d sources and aeromagnetic data along profiles. we apply the technique for the gravity data of 2-d rectangular models and real gravity data whi...

measuring field gravity in sea due to the accelerations introduced via waves and movements to the gravity measuring systems has a low accuracy since according to einstein's equalent principle, gravimeter isn't able to separate the gravity acceleration from another acceleration. ship borne gravimetery observations by means of like oscillations and accelerations of the ship motion, and ...