background: pre-chlorination of raw water containing natural organic matters may lead to forming harmful disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (thms), the measurement of which needs expensive advanced analytical instruments. this study was conducted to anticipate thms formation potential in bandar abbas drinking water system using cheap and simple experiments and a mathematical model...

BACKGROUND: Since THMs were first discovered in drinking water in the early 1970s, DBP issues have become a major regulatory driving force in the United States. To date, more than 600 DBPs have been identified in drinking waters; however, only 11 DBPs (4 trihalomethanes [THMs], 5 haloacetic acids [HAAs], bromate and chlorite) are currently regulated. Available toxicological data indicates that ...

Free chlorine is widely used in fresh-cut produce washing to minimize microbial cross-contamination, but its application can also lead the formation of harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs). This study compared DBPs process water and washed during commercial operation. Samples shredded lettuce diced cabbages chlorinated traditional double-flume wash novel immersion-free single-pass systems wer...

The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) caused by biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) poses a serious threat to human health. influence disinfection by-products (DBPs) on the ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) different phases (biofilms water) DWDSs is unclear. In this study, characteristics microbial indices, trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAA...

The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in tropical peat water affects the appearance trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) natural sources. However, information about THM HAA is still limited. This study was conducted to determine THMs HAAs taken from a canal river Riau Peatland, Indonesia, influenced by seasons tides. DOM measured carbon (DOC) UV254 absorbance. determined ...

chlorination of natural water containing humic compounds, produce significant amount of disinfectant by - products. the most important of such compounds are thlvis and halo acetic acids, suspected to cause cancer in animals and human. studies showed that under usual processes of water treatment plants, thms can not be removed effectively. since chlorination is the final process of treatment, it...

We present a theoretical study and experimental realization of system that is simultaneously four-dimensional (4D) Chern insulator higher-order topological insulator. The sustains the coexistence (4-1)-dimensional chiral hypersurface modes (THMs) (4-2)-dimensional surface (TSMs). Our reveals THMs are protected by second numbers, TSMs invariant composed two first each belonging to existing in su...