This research paper addresses secularization from both political and religious perspectives. One of its manifestations in the political sphere is that of globalization that can lead to alienation within society; and in the United Kingdom this is exemplified by Brexit. Within the religious sphere secularization is usually couched in oppositional terms. This paper reclaims the original use ...

That prenatal events can have life-long consequences is now well established. Nevertheless, research on the Fetal Origins Hypothesis is flourishing and has expanded to include the early childhood (postnatal) environment. Why does this literature have a “second act?” We summarize the major themes and contributions driving the empirical literature since our 2011 reviews, and try to interpret the ...

this paper addresses a multi-criteria decision based methodology to develop a road network cost function for route finding analysis in a geographic information system (gis). over the years, several studies relating to route planning process in gis and intelligent transportation systems (its) have been conducted, most of which rely on the use of one-dimensional variables like distance or time as...

The hierarchical hub location problem is encountered three-level network that is applied in production-distribution system, education system, emergency medical services, telecommunication network, etc. This paper addresses the hierarchical hub covering problem with single assignment accounting for mandatory dispersion of central hubs restriction as a special case. This formulation with incorpor...

This paper addresses the Tardy/Lost penalty minimization with common due dates on a single machine. According to this performance measure, if the tardiness of a job exceeds a predefined value, the job will be lost and penalized by a fixed value. Initially, we present a 2-approximation algorithm and examine its worst case ratio bound. Then, a pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming algorithm is de...