Recent years have seen a growing reliance on "evidence-based" guidelines or consensus statements, in which rigorous, explicit methods are used to translate the complex findings of scientific research into operational recommendations for medical care. Various factors can affect the validity of the conclusions they express, however. The purpose of this review was to compare the levels of evidence...

Traditionally, safety and security have been treated as separate disciplines, but this position is increasingly becoming untenable and stakeholders are beginning to argue that if it’s not secure, it’s not safe. In this paper we present some of the work we have been doing on “security-informed safety”. Our approach is based on the use of structured safety cases and we discuss the impact that sec...

Critical infrastructure Protection (CIP) includes ensuring the resilience of transportation infrastructures. This sector is considered vital worldwide due to its economic importance and due to the various interdependencies with other infrastructures and sectors. This paper aims at examining the current state in national policies and in research regarding the protection of transport infrastructu...

We investigate the strategic association between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and sustainability using empirical data. Our hypothesis is that ICTs can promote a country’s sustainability. In our framework we include the ICT factors of access, quality, affordability, applications, and institutional efficiency & sustainability. Sustainability is represented by individual devel...

This paper presents a case study of critical infrastructure protection in the Dutch financial sector. The organizational structures are examined to discern the roles and functions that facilitate public-private cooperation. An assessment of the organizational structures is provided along with a description of how key organizations are identified. Finally, a basic model is presented that can be ...

The resilience mechanisms of Critical Infrastructures (CIs) are often hard to understand due to system complexity. With rising research interest, models are developed to reduce this complexity. However, these models imply reductions and limitations. According to the level of observation, models either focus on effects in a CI system or on effects in a single CI. In cases of limited resources, s...