Phasor data concentrators (PDCs) are the critical components of a wide area monitoring system (WAMS) in the smart grid. They are multi-processor devices employed to collect, concentrate, and synchronize phasor data that is from various phasor measurement units and from other PDCs. Because of their present significance and potential criticality for WAMS, reliability of PDCs has become a high pri...

Ever-increasing energy demand has led to geographic expansion of transmission lines and their complexity. In addition, higher reliability is expected in the transmission systemsdue to their vital role in power systems. It is very difficult to realize this goal by conventional monitoring and control methods. Thus, phasor measurement units (PMUs) are used to measure system parameters. Although in...

Impedance measurements provide a useful probe of the physics of bolometers and calorimeters. We describe a method for measuring the complex impedance of these devices. In previous work, stray impedances and readout electronics of the measurement apparatus have resulted in artifacts in the impedance data. The technique allows experimenters to find an independent Thevenin or Norton equivalent cir...

The traditional static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) present in the power grid to compensate instability problem will not be able maintain stability of system due fluctuations point common coupling (PCC) voltage and frequency variation that may result poor synchronization grid. solution for this is improvement conventional STATCOM virtual machine–static (VSM-STATCOM). In paper an interconne...