Recycling human waste for beneficial use has been practiced for millennia. Aerobic (thermophilic) composting of sewage sludge has been shown to reduce populations of opportunistically pathogenic bacteria and to inactivate both Ascaris eggs and culturable Escherichia coli in raw waste, but there is still a question about the fate of most fecal bacteria when raw material is composted directly. Th...

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most effective antimicrobial agents that are used in the medicine and pharmaceutics. During the past decades, metal nanoparticles synthesis through application of the biological methods has increasingly been used, as the biologically synthesized particles are mostly non-toxic as well as effective. Objectives: The main goal for undertaking t...

Understanding fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) vs. their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during wastewater sludge treatment is critical in order to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance through process optimization. Here, we spiked high concentrations of tetracycline-resistant bacteria, isolated from mesophilic (Iso M1-1-a Pseudomonas sp.) and thermophilic (Iso T10-a Bacillus...

Aims: Detection and isolation of restriction endonucleases like topoisomerase Thermophilic Bacillus subtilus strain RC1. Methods and results: Topoisomerase like enzyme activity is detected from thermophilc Bacilus sp. The isolated enzyme is partially characterized. The molecular weight of the enzyme is ~ 33 KDa and the optimum temperature for the activity is 37 0 C. The crude and gel purified e...