The performance of acoustic modems in the ocean is strongly affected by the ocean environment. A storm can drive up the ambient noise levels, eliminate a thermocline by wind mixing, and whip up violent waves and thereby break up the acoustic mirror formed by the ocean surface. The combined effects of these and other processes on modem performance are not well understood. The authors have been c...

Interactions between the tropical oceans and atmosphere permit a spectrum of natural modes of oscillation whose properties—period, intensity, spatial structure, and direction of propagation—depend on the background climatic state (i.e., the mean state). This mean state can be described by parameters that include the following: the time-averaged intensity t of the Pacific trade winds, the mean d...

Ocean thermocline energy is a sustainable and reliable heat source for seawater desalination in remote islands that has no access to primary energy. To adapt the unique features of energy, i.e., sensible with small temperature gradient, we propose novel system combining direct-spray technology multi-effect distillation (MED). The steam generator conventional MED replaced by tubeless spray evapo...

The stratification of the equatorial thermocline is a key variable for tropical climate dynamics, through its influence on the temperature of the water that upwells in the eastern equatorial ocean. In this study, two types of ocean models are used, an ocean general circulation model (GCM) and a 11⁄2-layer model, to investigate processes by which changes in the midlatitude winds affect the equat...

Low-frequency modulation and change under global warming of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode are investigated with a pair of multicentury integrations of a coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model: one under constant climate forcing and one forced by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. In the unforced simulation, there is significant decadal and multidecadal modulation of the ...

A set of maps are presented of nutrient distribution on isopycnal surfaces in the North and tropical Atlantic Ocean main thermocline. The data used in producing these maps are from the Transient Tracers in the Oceans (TTO) North Atlantic Study and Tropical Atlantic Study, an associated German study (Meteor 56/5), two cross-Atlantic sections from cruise 109 of the Atlantis II, and the GEOSECS pr...

Environmental data collected along 92.5 o E between 2.7 o N and 12.77 o N during late winter show a permanent sound velocity maximum around 75 m and an intermediate minimum between 1350 m and 1750 m. The axis of the deep sound channel is noticed around 1700 m. The shallower axial depth (~1350 m) between 7.5 o N and 10.5 o N coincides with the cyclonic eddy. Within the sonic layer (SLD), Eastern...

mean tropical state driving El Niño events for this analysis. Table 1 shows that knowledge of these quantities averaged over a 50-year window is not sufficient to determine the ENSO variability over the same window–developing more sophisticated metrics is a crucial goal of the proposed research. Nonetheless, simple lag-correlation analysis of NINO3 index and eastern Pacific thermocline depth (l...

With the rapid development of sensor networks, big marine data arises. To efficiently use these data to predict thermoclines, we propose a machine learning approach. We firstly focus on analyzing how temperature, salinity, and geographic location features affect the formation of thermocline. Then, an improved model based on entropy value method for the thermocline selection is demonstrated. The...