[1] The currently available theoretical and observational evidence for a latitudinal structure of thermocline vertical diffusivity is synthesized and included in a state of the art coupled climate model. Compared to the standard background value of 0.1 cm s , the simulations with the latitudinal structure show only little change in the meridional overturning circulation or northward heat transp...

Because ocean color alters the absorption of sunlight, it can produce changes in sea surface temperatures with further impacts on atmospheric circulation. These changes can project onto fields previously recognized to alter the distribution of tropical cyclones. If the North Pacific subtropical gyre contained no absorbing and scattering materials, the result would be to reduce subtropical cyclo...

A zonal-average model of the upper branch of the meridional overturning circulation of the southern ocean is constructed and used to discuss the processes – wind, buoyancy, eddy forcing and boundary conditions – that control its strength and sense of circulation. The geometry of the thermocline ‘wedge’, set by the mapping between the vertical spacing of buoyancy surfaces (the stratification) on...

In our six box model (6BM) the Southern Ocean is represented by an Antarctic and a Subantarctic region. For simplicity, the lower (blue) circulation is represented entirely by mixing between the Antarctic surface waters (box a) and the deep ocean (box d), Mixad. The upper (red) circulation is represented by upwelling in the Subantarctic region (box s) and the subsequent transport of water to th...

In this study, we investigate the influence of tropical cyclones (TCs) on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China Sea (SCS) by using an ocean general circulation model at a 1/8 resolution during 2000–2008. The model uses a data assimilation system to assimilate observations in order to improve the representation of SCS circulation. The results reveal an unexpected de...

Ocean waters often show layered structures especially where exchange flow between two basins occurs. These structures are often attributed to processes such as double.diffusive convection, internal waves, turbulent modulated mixing. In this paper by examining the vertical structures of temperature, salinity and density, of the middle parts of Caspian Sea it is shown that such layered structure ...

In contrast to the modern-day climate, North Pacific deep water formation and a meridional overturning circulation (PMOC) may have been active during past climate conditions, in particular Pliocene epoch (some 3–5 million years ago). Here, we use model simulation with robust PMOC cell investigate pathways of from subduction upwelling, as revealed by Lagrangian particle trajectories. We find tha...

[1] A three-dimensional primitive equation numerical model was applied to Lake Michigan on a 2 km grid for 6 consecutive years to study interannual variability of summer circulation and thermal structure in 1998–2003. The model results were compared to long-term observations of currents and temperature at seven moorings and two NOAA buoys. The accuracy of modeled currents improved considerably ...

A recent paper [Song et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 856-865 (2008)] investigated ocean variability impact on coherent underwater acoustic communications (8-16 kHz) for a single near-seafloor transmitter in shallow water during an extended period (27 h). This letter extends that investigation to various source depths and receiver subarrays. Specifically, the middle water column source, which i...