In the field of failure analysis of integrated circuits, diagnosing functional failures is a requirement. Traditional beam-based analysis techniques use a scanning laser or ebeam to induce a parametric shift, which is monitored through changes in current or voltage driven to the device. Deep submicron technologies frustrate these analytical methods due to the nearly immeasurable parametric shif...

ABSTRACT In differentially rotating discs with no self-gravity, density waves cannot propagate around the corotation, where the wave pattern rotation speed equals the fluid rotation rate. Waves incident upon the corotation barrier may be super-reflected (commonly referred to as corotation amplifier), but the reflection can be strongly affected by wave absorptions at the corotation resonance/sin...

Heat flux plates are commonly used to measure soil heat flux, a component of the surface energy balance. The plate method is simple and precise, but several previous studies have demonstrated the potential for relatively large errors. Here we present the results of in situ tests of the plate method, and we describe some promising alternative methods. Summertime soil heat flux was measured with ...

The oxygen isotope composition of fossil fish teeth, a paleoupper ocean temperature proxy exceptionally resistant to diagenetic alteration, provides new insight on the evolution of the lowto middlelatitude thermal gradient between the middle Cretaceous climatic optimum and the cooler latest Cretaceous period. The new middle Cretaceous low to middle latitude thermal gradient agrees with that pre...