In this paper, we focus on ram-pressure stripping and evaporation of disk galaxies in and around a cluster. We show that the evolution of the disk surface density affects the efficiency of ram-pressure stripping of galaxies at z ∼ 1. We also consider the saturation of thermal conduction in detail and show that it cannot be ignored at larger radii of a cluster, which makes the time-scale of the ...

A room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) matrix-assisted desorption corona beam ionization (DCBI) technique was proposed. The quantification of the DCBI method for low-polar small molecules was improved greatly in terms of accuracy and precision. The thermal desorption processes of analytes in different liquid matrices under DCBI interrogation was investigated with thermal imaging and mass spec...

A transient, three-dimensional model for thermal transport in heat pipes and vapor chambers is developed. The Navier–Stokes equations along with the energy equation are solved numerically for the liquid and vapor flows. A porous medium formulation is used for the wick region. Evaporation and condensation at the liquid–vapor interface are modeled using kinetic theory. The influence of the wick m...

A simple method for fabrication of highly ordered gold nanorod film is introduced in this article. The procedure is based on thermal evaporation of gold into a porous anodic alumina film (PAA). The PPA film was fabricated by combining the hard and mild anodization. This combination effectively decreases the processing time of fabrication of highly ordered porous anodic alumina film with c...

[i] Most measurement approaches for determining evaporation assume that the latent heat flux originates from the soil surface. Here, a new method is described for determining in situ soil water evaporation dynamics from fine-scale measurements of soil temperature and thermal properties with heat pulse sensors. A sensible heat balance is computed using soil heat flux density at two depths and ch...

We report on experiments of droplet evaporation on a structured superhydrophobic surface that displays very high contact angle (CA ∼ 160 deg), and negligible contact angle hysteresis (<1 deg). The droplet evaporation is observed to occur in a constant-contact-angle mode, with contact radius shrinking for almost the entire duration of evaporation. Experiments conducted on Teflon-coated smooth su...

Tellurium nanostructures have been prepared by physical vapor deposition method in a tube furnace. The experiments were carried out under argon gas flow at a pressure of 1 mbar. Tellurium powder was evaporated by heating at 350°C and 430°C and was condensed on substrates at 110–250°C, in the downstream of argon gas flow. The products were characterized by field emission scanning electron micros...

Tellurium nanostructures have been prepared by physical vapor deposition method in a tube furnace. The experiments were carried out under argon gas flow at a pressure of 1 mbar. Tellurium powder was evaporated by heating at 350°C and 430°C and was condensed on substrates at 110–250°C, in the downstream of argon gas flow. The products were characterized by field emission scanning electron micros...

ZnO nanowire-CdO composite nanostructures were fabricated by a simple two-step process involving ammonia solution method and thermal evaporation. First, ZnO nanowires (NWs) were grown on Si substrate by aqueous ammonia solution method and then CdO was deposited on these ZnO NWs by thermal evaporation of cadmium chloride powder. The surface morphology and structure of the synthesized composite s...

Seals have adapted to the high heat transfer coefficient in the aquatic environment by effective thermal insulation of the body core. While swimming and diving, excess metabolic heat is supposed to be dissipated mainly over the sparsely insulated body appendages, whereas the location of main heat sinks in hauled-out seals remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate thermal windows on the trunk of har...