A number of network configurations, in which pairs of nodes are connected by uni-directional links (UDLs), is increasing. For the QoS related reasons, it may be also advantageous to assume that a bi-directional link (BDL) is a set of two unidirectional links. Current routing protocols are designed for networks where all links are bi-directional. They fail to perform in networks with UDLs theref...

The notions of uni-soft semigroups, uni-soft left (right) ideals and uni-soft quasi ideals are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of uni-soft semigroups, uni-soft left (right) ideals and uni-soft quasi ideals are discussed. A regular semigroup is characterized by the notion of a uni-soft quasi ideal.

OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with cycle acceleration (CA), that is, progressive decrease in duration of syndrome-free intervals between affective episodes, in acutely admitted patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHOD All patients (n = 210) with BD I (67%) and BD II (33%) (DSM-IV) acutely admitted to a hospital serving a catchment area were compared in retrospect with regar...