The 12th leading cause of death in the United States is cirrhosis. Recent studies have shown that liver fibrosis an ever-evolving process and early cirrhosis may be reversible. One three people with unaware their condition. most well-known reasons for are viral hepatitis C, alcoholic sickness, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. aim study to compare different therapeutic approaches patients due C asc...

obesity with an increasing prevalence rate worldwide is correlated with multiple comorbidities. unfortunately, the currently available therapies such as the pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery or gene-transfer technology are associated with a number of disadvantages including undesirable side effects, poor compliance or transient effectiveness. therefore, modifications of the lifestyle factors m...

sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressive agent administered as prophylactic agent to prevent rejection after organ transplantation. sirolimus must be used within a narrow therapeutic window. due to inter- and intra-variability, sirolimus blood concentrations may be affected, therefore, there is no possibility of predicting the sirolimus blood concentrations based on the dose patients received. t...

fecal microbiota transplant (fmt) research trials are growing in diverse intestinal and extraintestinal conditions that are thought to be either caused or correlated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. although, the mechanism by which the microbiota results in disease initiation or progression is not fully understood, it is speculated that restoring the symbiosis by fmt could have therapeutic benefits.

conclusion superselective tae for lgi bleeding has a high success and low complication rate. there are no statistical correlations between the clinical success rate and several variables, including embolic material, embolization site, and anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication. patients and methods fifty-two patients who underwent superselective tae for lgi bleeding between 2003 and 2011 were...

discussion splenic artery aneurysm is a very uncommon cause of page kidney and to our knowledge, it was the first case of its kind ever reported in the literature. introduction the page kidney is a rare phenomenon that refers to hypertension resulting from any external compression of a kidney by a hematoma, tumor, lymphocele, or urinoma. the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone syste...

BACKGROUND Since generic drugs have the same therapeutic effect as the original formulation but at generally lower costs, their use should be more heavily promoted. However, a considerable number of barriers to their wider use have been observed in many countries. The present study examines the influence of patients, physicians and certain characteristics of the generics' market on generic subs...

In Jamaica, the 1993 amendment to the Pharmacy Act allows pharmacists to offer patients generic substitutions for innovator brands; however, there were reservations among physicians about this policy implementation. The success of the amendment may be influenced by the confidence of physicians in the therapeutic equivalence of generics, especially since the act also allows physicians to indicat...

BACKGROUND Generic substitution can have unintended consequences. In Germany, brand name to generic or generic to generic switching is mainly driven by rebate contracts. Frequent switching may raise concerns about bio- and therapeutic equivalence. Expected patient confusion may result in compromised medication adherence or new onset of other drug-related problems. Since 2008, pharmacists are al...

This review summarizes several areas relative to the pathology of heart valve disease in which there has been rapid and ongoing evolution, namely, our understanding of: (a) the dynamic functional biology of cardiac valves; and (b) the pathology/pathobiology of valvular heart diseases; (c) new developments in valve repair and substitution using percutaneous approaches; and (d) progress toward th...