Individualized drug dosing is a longstanding goal of clinical pharmacologists. Given the narrow therapeutic index of most anticancer agents, it is plausible that this approach would be of particular value in oncology. Irinotecan is an interesting agent for individualized dosing, given its complex metabolism and increasing knowledge of its pharmacokinetics predictors.

Introduction Anticonvulsant drugs have a low therapeutic ratio so that dosage requirements are critical. Their effects are therefore susceptible to the influences of concurrent medication. In common with the anticonvulsants, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs tend to be highly protein bound and metabolized in the liver. Thus, potential for interaction between these groups of drugs exists...

Comparing with the traditional therapeutic methods, newly developed cancer therapy based on the nanoparticulates attracted extensively interest due to its unique advantages. However, there are still some drawbacks such as the unfavorable in vivo performance for nanomedicine and undesirable tumor escape from the immunotherapy. While as we know that the in vivo performance strongly depended on th...

Due to their rapid and highly selective nature, bioorthogonal chemistry reactions are attracting a significant amount of recent interest in the radiopharmaceutical community. Over the last few years, reactions of this type have found tremendous utility in the construction of new radiopharmaceuticals and as a method of bioconjugation. Furthermore, reports are beginning to emerge in which these r...

romusn ~? sll'Phanilamide during the years. was made in the efforts to find a chemical compound which is active against the pneumococcal*. lany previous allied compounds had been ma e vmch were active against pneumococci, bu *ere too toxic for clinical use. This new comp?und, labelled M. and B. 693, was finally chosen because of its high activity and low toxicity the most satisfactory 'therapeu...

BACKGROUND Concerns have been recognized about the operating characteristics of the standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. Various innovative phase 1 trial designs have been proposed to address the issues and new challenges posed by molecularly targeted agents. However, in spite of these proposals, the conventional design is still the most widely utilized. METHODS A review of the literature o...

Since the introduction of inhaled steroids for the treatment of asthma, numerous studies have shown that they have an advantageous therapeutic index in relation to oral steroids, as well as high potency. They certainly represent a major 3:dvance in asthma treatment. Initially, inhaled steroids were used in moderate doses and primarily as a substitute for oral steroids. In recent years we have s...

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders which affects over 10% of the world population. The diabetes-induced oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can affect several components of the atherogenic process [1]. Nanodosage forms can provide advantages for herbal drugs, including increase of therapeutic index, improvement of stability and controlled del...

The potential for medication error is great with chemotherapy agents because of their high toxicity profile, small therapeutic index, and numerous dose-limiting adverse effects. The oncology team involved with chemotherapy treatment planning and administration assumes an active role in preventing such events by obtaining and maintaining competency in dose calculations, having knowledge of dose-...

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of certain drugs with a narrow therapeutic index significantly improves patient outcome. For example, the quantification of immunosuppressive drugs in samples from patients after organ transplantation is an essential prerequisite for the prevention of both adverse drug reactions and rejection events. The need for accurate, precise, and standardized measurement ...