let g=(v,e) be a graph with vertex set v and edge set e.for two vertices u,v of g ,the closed interval i[u,v] ,consists of u,v and all vertices lying in some u-v geodesic in g.if s is a set of vertices of g then i[s]is the union of all sets i[u,v]for u,v ? s. if i[s]=v(g) , then s is a geodetic set for g.the geodetic number g(g) is the minimum cardinality of geodetic set.the maximum cardinalit...

the importance of writing as a complex skill in applied linguistics has drawn the attention of many researchers to evaluate textbooks in order to help learners gain self-sufficiency and autonomy in the field of language use and communication. investigations have shown that developments in textbooks evaluation can promote the quality of pedagogies and consequently the learning. this study attemp...

there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

this study was conducted to investigate the effect of favorite-text on iranian intermediate efl learners’ vocabulary development. sixty learners from nour-al-mahdi english institute participated in the present study. having been homogenized by oxford placement test (opt), they were randomly assigned into two groups of 30, control and experimental. then both groups sat for a pre-test which was a...

implicit and unobserved errors and vulnerabilities issues usually arise in cryptographic protocols and especially in authentication protocols. this may enable an attacker to make serious damages to the desired system, such as having the access to or changing secret documents, interfering in bank transactions, having access to users’ accounts, or may be having the control all over the syste...

in this thesis,spin dependend transport and electron transport through of ng/sg(graphene/ superconductor graphen) are studied in the junction of ng/fgt/sg. due to andreev reflection conductance increases in the presence of superconductor graphene.also, by applying a voltage gate on a superconductor, fermi level shifts and the conductance is independent of ferromagnatic substrate. also, the cond...

the current thesis is composed in five chapters in the following fashion: chapter two encompasses the applied framework of the project in details; the methodology of carl gustav jung to explain the process of individuation, the major archetypes and their attributes and his techniques to assess the mind’s strata are all explained. moreover, the austrian psychoanalysts, heinz kohut’s models of a...

in the area of automotive engineering there is a tendency to more electrification of power train. in this work control of an induction machine for the application of electric vehicle is investigated. through the changing operating point of the machine, adapting the rotor magnetization current seems to be useful to increase the machines efficiency. in the literature there are many approaches wh...

in chapter one we will describe definitions and preliminary results to provide the global context of our own results to be presented in detail in the subsequent chapters in chapter two we consider degree-one maps of the circle and we study their rotation set. our main result in this chapter says that if the map is topologically mixing then its rotation interval is nontrivial (that is, not reduc...