Abstract Nest design is one factor contributing to floor-laying in farmed poultry. We investigated: (i) if ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ) prefer a particular nest substrate; and (ii) how important that preference them, indicated by stress-induced hyperthermia, egg albumen corticosterone, behaviour. Twelve female were trained push-door task had temperature data loggers implanted. Preference testin...

background: english for specific purposes (esp) courses should empower students to satisfy their language needs. however, at many iranian universities, these courses are mostly taught based on the grammar translation method focusing on teaching grammatical rules and reading comprehension. the present study aims at proposing an innovative approach for teaching english to medical students that ca...

Ecosystems are mosaics of different habitats, each of which provides its own opportunities and risks to the organisms that inhabit it. The profitability of any habitat depends on a variety of biotic and abiotic variables including the abundance of prey, vulnerability to predators, and physical features such as temperature that modify physiology and behavior. Because biological and physical cond...

Objectives: To investigate whether Iranian children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) participate in their preferred leisure activities. Methods: A group of children and adolescents (n=152; 59.2% male; aged 7-17 years; Mean±SD of age was 10.93±3.46 years old) diagnosed with CP (39.5% hemiplegic; 28.9% quadriplegic; 31.6% diplegic) were selected to complete the children’s assessment of p...

significant damages incurred across lebanon during the july 2006 war encompassing the destruction of road networks, bridges and overpasses as well as a vast number of dwelling units. it is anticipated that reconstruction works after the war shall unavoidably create a newly founded demand for natural resources, most notably primary and secondary construction material. this paper assesses the war...