Repu: blic and democracy are two terms applied to mean ruling of people since fifth century B.C. They have been especially and tremendously emphasized in west since 16th century. To clarify his ruling system prior and subsequent to the victory of revolution, Imam Khomeini applied these terms as well. What republic and democracy quantitatively and qualitatively mean in Imam Khomeini's political ...

Astronomy and its rules always have had a significant position in Iran history. One of the significant and main functions of astronomy was to inform about the future. Such a feature has made kings pay more attention to it. Among Safavid kings (907-1135), especially in Abbas the Great period (996-1038), astronomy had special importance. The main issue of the research is what effects had the astr...

The current article tries to study Ayatollah Golpayegani's declarations+ and stances toward the policies of Pahlavi regime and relations with its agents. Taking ayatollah's political thought i.e. his belief in general welayat-e faqih into consideration, the main concern of this article is to find reasons behind his different behaviors to confront with Pahlavi regime in different stages. What ca...