[1] Airborne Doppler radar data collected during the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment (RAINEX) show the convective-scale air motions embedded in the principal rainbands of hurricanes Katrina and Rita. These embedded convective cells have overturning updrafts and low-level downdrafts (originating at 2–4 km) that enter the rainband on its radially outward side and cross over eac...

A rare occurrence of stratospheric cirrus at 18.6 km height persisting for about 5 days during 3– 7 March 2014 is inferred from the ground-based Mie lidar observations over Gadanki (13.5 N, 79.2 E) and spaceborne observations. Due to the vertical transport by large updrafts on 3 March in the troposphere, triggered by a potential vorticity intrusion, the water vapour mixing ratio shows an increa...

Potential vorticity (PV) conservation implies a strong constraint on the time evolution of the mean density at a given depth. We show that, on an f -plane and in the absence of sources and sinks of PV, it only depends on two terms, namely the time evolution of the product between density anomaly and relative vorticity, and the vertical PV flux. This primitive-equation result, that applies at an...

transportation is by people and for them. it is a process of providing mobility and accessibility for people both as passengers and as consumers of the goods. therefore it is true when today there is an emphasis on the considering transportation the most influential development in every society. regional development cannot properly be happened without enough transportation infrastructure and qu...

This study finds an increasing trend in the decay timescale (τ) of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TCs) making landfall on Asian continent from 1966–2018. Statistical analysis individual landfalling TCs shows that τ is significantly positively linked to soil wetness, 850-hPa relative vorticity and 200-hPa divergence, whereas it weakly correlated with 700–500-hPa humidity 850–200-h...

Synoptic-scalemonsoon disturbances produce themajority of continental rainfall in themonsoon regions of South Asia and Australia, yet there is little understanding of the conditions that foster development of these low pressure systems. Here a genesis index is used to associate monsoon disturbance genesis in a global domain with monthly mean, climatological environmental variables. This monsoon...

Article history: Received 30 November 2007 Received in revised form 30 June 2008 Accepted 19 September 2008 This paper reviews our present understanding of tornadogenesis and some of the outstanding questions that remain. The emphasis is on tornadogenesis within supercell thunderstorms. The origin of updraft-scale rotation, i.e., mesocyclogenesis, above the ground is reviewed first, followed by...

The hydrodynamic model of electron transport in semiconductors is analyzed and in analogy to fluid mechanics the transport equation for the electron vorticity, ∇×v, is derived. Aside from the classical hydrodynamic sources of vorticity, collision terms in the continuity and momentum equations may also generate electron vorticity. A scale analysis of the electron vorticity equation is performed ...