In order to assess the immunopathological effects of aqueous Echinacea purpurea extract (EPE) on mice experimentally challenged with Pasteurella multocida serotype A, forty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups. The groups included a control group (received sterile distilled water 2 times/week for 2 weeks, intraperitoneally and then 100 µl sterile saline intranasally), a PMA...

The phorbol ester tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) induced mouse resident peritoneal macrophage spreading in an in vitro system in a time- and dose-dependent manner; this process was modified by agents which alter intracellular calcium metabolism. After a 35-min incubation with PMA, 50% of the macrophages were spread (as classified by at least a 2-fold increase in cell surfa...

BACKGROUND poly(L-malic acid) (PMA) is a water-soluble polyester with many attractive properties in medicine and food industries, but the high cost of PMA fermentation has restricted its further application for large-scale production. To overcome this problem, PMA production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers was successfully performed. Additionally, a valuable exopolysaccharide, pullulan, was co-...

A hand-saving HPLC method to measure urinary phenylmercapturic acid (PMA) was developed which allows about 35 PMA determinations per day. The method involves conversion of pre-PMA to PMA by the addition of sulfuric acid to a urine sample, extraction into an ether-methanol mixture followed by condensation under a nitrogen stream. The condensate was introduced to a ODS-3 column in a HPLC system, ...

PMA has both mitogenic and antiproliferative effects on human hepatoma Hep3B cells. In response to low PMA concentration (10 nM), Hep3B cells displayed an increasing proliferation potentiation. At high PMA concentration (1 microM) Hep3B cells exhibited modest cytostatic effects. Determinations of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in PMA-treated cells revealed that alterations in PKC activity are ...

The expression of preprogastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) mRNA was studied using human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. By Northern analysis, preproGRP mRNA was stimulated by 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in these cells. In cell line NCI-H209, the addition of 10(-6) M PMA increased a 0.9-kb mRNA after 8 h. An inactive phorbol ...

Este artigo apresenta resultados de um levantamento pesquisas fundamentadas no referencial teórico do Pensamento Matemático Avançado (PMA) contexto da licenciatura em Matemática, que resultou corpus dezessete estudos utilizaram o PMA para verificar indícios pensamento matemático produções estudantes. A partir análise desse corpus, procurou-se entender como essas relacionam a aprendizagem Matemá...

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que objetivou investigar a mobilização dos processos mentais de representação e abstração característicos do Pensamento Matemático Avançado (PMA), na resolução questões da Olimpíada Brasileira Matemática das Escolas Públicas (OBMEP). A pesquisa, cunho qualitativo, foi realizada partir análise resoluções prova 2ª fase Nível 3 edição 2021 OBMEP, feitas por 5 alu...

Phorbol ester (PMA or TPA), a tumor promoter, can cause either proliferation or cell cycle arrest, depending on cellular context. For example, in SKBr3 breast cancer cells, PMA hyper-activates the MEK/MAPK pathway, thus inducing p21 and cell cycle arrest. Here we showed that PMA-induced arrest was followed by conversion to cellular senescence (geroconversion). Geroconversion was associated with...

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is a key property of magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). To increase areal density MRAM it important to find way enhance the PMA. Recently strong enhancement PMA by inserting an ultrathin LiF layer at Fe/MgO interface was reported [T. Nozaki et al., NPG Asia Materials (2022) 14: 5]. understand origin observed we perform first-principles calculat...