the first border treaties of iran, the documents of which are available, were signed in safavid period between iran and ottoman empire. treaties were initially in the form of royal letters which were exchanged between heads of countries. they involved acceptance of peace instead of war. later on, officially sealed documents called sonurname were exchanged together with them. these documents con...

We extend the general solution to the Cauchy problem for the relativistic closed string (Phys. Lett. B404 (1997) 57-65) to the case of open strings attached to Dp-branes, including the cases where the initial data has a knotlike topology. We use this extended solution to derive intrinsic dynamical properties of open and closed relativistic strings attached to Dp-branes. We also study the singul...

Extended Abstract. When the comprehensive information about a topic is scattered among two or more data sets, using only one of those data sets would lead to information loss available in other data sets. Hence, it is necessary to integrate scattered information to a comprehensive unique data set. On the other hand, sometimes we are interested in recognition of duplications in a data set. The i...

Sirs, The recent paper by Clark et al. (1998) highlighted many issues regarding the interpretation of short synacthen tests (SST). In 1995 as part of an extensive pre-launch evaluation of the cortisol method on the Bayer/Chiron ACS180 (ACS) we compared responses to SST with two established methods (Abbot TDx, nˆ 45 and Farmos, nˆ 46). Like Clark et al. (1998) we noted the non-gaussian nature of...

Nutritionally deficient mutant strains of bacteria (auxotrophs) are often capable of undergoing "reversion," giving rise to strains having the wild type nutritional state (prototrophs). It is usually impossible to determine whether the prototrophs are true back-mutants, or whether the wild phenotype is restored by the action of an independent suppressor mutation. An auxotroph requiring histidin...

Several findings reported in the literature argue against this position, however. We have reported that, almost without exception, lung volume changed during the prephonatory chest wall adjustment (Baken and CavaIlo, 1981). This implies that the vocal folds were abducted for some period of time during the [adjustment time] interval. If so, some degree of active intercostal participation was lik...

Trends in fat consumption I read the paper ‘Trends in individual fat consumption in the UK 1900-1985’ by A. M. Stephen and G. M. Sieber (1994) with interest. This is an important subject for anyone concerned with possible links between fat consumption and chronic disease, especially in view of the intense educative activity about dietary fats that is now being encouraged. Try as I may, I cannot...

We have to report (to our considerable embarrassment) a systematic error which has occurred in a series of papers that have appeared in the British Journal of Nutrition. The relevant papers and faults are shown separately. The mistakes arose as a consequence of a calculation error in the determination of blood flow in muscle. The method used was originally described by Pappenheimer & Setchell(l...