High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) composition was analyzed by sodium-dodecyl-sulfatpolyacrilamid-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), while the quantitative determination of total HMW-GS was obtained by reversed phasehigh performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Considering HMW-GS composition, the most frequent subunits at Glu-A1 locus were N, at Glu-B1 locus 7+9 and at Glu-D1 loc...

Abstract High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW GS) represent an important fraction of endosperm-specific seed-storage proteins that provide elasticity to bread dough. Previously, the second cis -regulatory module (CRM2) was found be one most conserved part HMW GS promoters, which indicated its pre-eminent role in their gene regulation. Here, we observed deletion CRM2 from promoters Bx7 a...

Chromosome marking by cytosine methylation has been examined in two gene systems in wheat--at the loci encoding high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits (seed proteins) and ribosomal RNA. Variation in cytosine methylation occurs between progeny in highly inbred lines around the HMW glutenin locus. The variation is inherited through meiosis to F1 and F2 generations but occasionally a new va...

Modern biological tools of genetic engineering and biotechnology can allow transfer of gene(s) across crop species. The r-DNA technology has tremendous potential to transfer bread making character of bread wheat into sorghum by transferring glutenin gene(s), which can improve the visico-elastic property of the sorghum flour/dough. These genes in addition to improving quality can significantly c...

The high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin-encoding genes in wheat are developmentally activated in the endosperm at about 8 days after anthesis. We have investigated the physical changes that occur in these genes in two transgenic lines containing about 20 and 50 copies each of the HMW glutenin genes together with their promoters. Using fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) and confocal imag...

The T-cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) is a functional assay used in immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology to assess ability to mount an antibody response to immunization. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is extensively used as the immunogen of choice in non-clinical and clinical settings. Native KLH is comprised of high molecular weight (HMW; 4-8 MDa) assemblies of KLH subunit dimers (...