in this paper the concept and the definition of the social and economic justice are evaluated considering the views of western and islamic thinkers and theorist and the focus is on the rationality. according to this evaluation, the criteria of economic justice in accordance with the islamic framework are extracted; which are: the equal availability of natural resources for everybody, the determ...

In the last twenty years, the world has experienced a surge in technological innovation which has contributed to economic growth around the globe. Surprisingly, the Middle East is one of the fastest growing regions in the world. Despite its long history of conflict, war, and government instability, this region has experienced an average GDP growth rate of 4.49%, compared with the average world ...

China has experienced unprecedented economic growth for a long time. How long will such a high growth be sustained? The answer to this question, to a large extent, depends on whether China has exhausted its rural surplus labour. In this paper, I use an unique payroll data from seven large manufacturing factories to show that wages of unskilled labour in these factories have not increased signif...

The current consensus objective of development aid in the international community is to reduce poverty in general and to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in particular. In addition, the dominant view identifies economic growth as the principal means to this end. But the policy objective of aid can be defined in many ways, and has in fact varied over time with shifting priorities ...

This paper investigates how companies in the fashion industry organize, plan and perform their New Product Development process (NPD). The results have been achieved through an empirical study carried out by the authors with the support of the GeCo Observatory, an Italian research initiative launched in 2012. This paper shows the details of eight selected case studies from the Italian fashion in...

The current consensus objective of development aid in the international community is to reduce poverty in general and to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in particular. In addition, the dominant view identifies economic growth as the principal means to this end. But the policy objective of aid can be defined in many ways, and has in fact varied over time with shifting priorities ...

is called the sign pattern of A, where sgn(x) = −1, 0, 1 when x <,=, > 0 respectively. A matrix with −1, 0, 1 entries is also called a sign pattern matrix. The concept of sign pattern matrix first appeared in Paul A. Samuelson’s book [24], and it was related to the stability problem in economic models. Later on, additional applications for the sign pattern matrix have been found. Since the 1990...

Economic freedoms, most emphasized issue in the recent years, are considered to affect economic growth and performance via institutional structure. In this context, a model that includes Turkey and Middle East Countries, and where the effects of economic freedom on growth are examined, was formed. For the groups of countries determined, in the study carried out by using the dataset belonging th...

The discussion focuses on three themes. One is the divergence between positions of business associations and concerns of individual entrepreneurs regarding several determinants of investment. Another issue is under what conditions economic growth can be achieved under democracy; why market reforms have generated little private investment in many cases, and which government policies and politica...