Metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors ~MOSFETs! with a wire-channel and wrap-around-gate ~WW! structure were fabricated using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. The smallest devices have a 35 nm channel width, a 50 nm channel thickness, and a 70 nm channel length. Measurements showed that as the channel width of WW MOSFETs decreased from 75 to 35 nm short channel e...

Channel routing in the 2–layer Manhattan model is one of the most investigated problems in detailed routing. Finding a minimum width solution was proved to be NP–hard by Szymanski [8]. In this paper we give a complete characterization of all specifications that are solvable if the width can be arbitrarily large, but the length of the channel cannot be extended by introducing extra columns. Furt...

introduction: side weir structures are extensively used in hydraulic engineering, irrigation and environmental engineering, and it usually consists of a main weir and a lateral channel. side weirs are also used as an emergency structure. this structure is installed on one side or both sides of the main channel to divert the flow from the main channel to the side channel. lateral outflow takes p...

Experiments are conducted with a perfluorinated dielectric fluid, Fluorinert FC-77, to investigate the effects of channel width, depth, and aspect ratio on flow boiling heat transfer and flow patterns in microchannels. Experiments are performed for a fixed mass flux of 630 kg/ms with eleven different silicon test pieces containing parallel microchannels of widths ranging from 100 μm to 5850 μm ...

the dentate gyrus of hippocampus has long been considered as a focal point for studies on mechanisms responsible for the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (tle). change in intrinsic properties of dentate gyrus granule cells (gcs) has been considered as an important factor responsible in temporal lobe seizures. in this study, we evaluated the intrinsic properties of gcs, during acute phase o...

Channel morphology plays a critical role in the understanding and interpretation of the hydrologic and geomorphic characteristics of an area. Traditional techniques for determining channel width, depth, and cross-section area are time consuming and may not be truly representative of the spatial variability within a watershed. A method for extracting channel morphologic properties from a high re...

We report the observation of channel-width dependent enhancement in nanoscale field effect transistors containing lithographically-patterned silicon nanowires as the conduction channel. These devices behave as conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors in reverse source drain bias. Reduction of nanowire width below 200 nm leads to dramatic change in the threshold voltage. D...

In this paper, submerged vanes were placed at the upstream area of a bridge pier located at the 90 degree angle. Then, using the laboratory equipment, a study of flow pattern was conducted throughout the bend, specifically around the pier and submerged vanes. ADV velocimeter was incorporated in order to help measure 3D velocity components. Submerged vanes were installed at distances of 40 and 6...