Undescended testis is one of the most common pediatric disorder of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. The undescended testis may be palpable or non-palpable. Approximately 20% of undescended testis are non-palpable and either located in the abdomen or the canaliculi, or atrophic or are completely absent. Identifying the location of ectopic and un...

Background: Quantum dots (QDs) are among the most promising items in the nanomedicine toolbox. These nanocrystal fluorophores have several potential medical applications including nanodiagnostics, imaging, targeted drug delivery, Nevertheless, in vivo cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles has not been highly considered. For this reason, the cytotoxic effects of CdSe QDs on testis and epididymis e...

The Sertoli cell is a critical somatic that initiates the development of testicular morphology and determines important parameters for spermatogenic function. blood-testis barrier, also known as barrier one tightest tissue barriers in mammalian body, an immunological to separate post meiotic germ antigens from systemic circulation. Additionally, creating unique microenvironment spermatocytes ex...

The current study aimed to detect specific types of ADAM proteins in the bovine sperm. Histology tissue male reproduction was involved with testis, head, body, and tail epididymis. Results showed that testis composed parenchyma contained seminiferous tubules which are surrounded by two layers externally tunica vaginalis internally albuginea. PAS positive lumen, epithelium body epididymis, Where...

Background: Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been prescribed for the treatment of depression and has shown also efficacy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Grape seed extract is a natural extract from the seeds of graps. It contains the most beneficial groups of plant flavonoids, proanthocyanidins oligomers. These flavonoids are poten...

Cancer-testis (CT) Ags are attractive targets for immunotherapeutic strategies since they are aberrantly expressed in malignant cells and not, or in limited number, in somatic tissues, except germ cells. To identify novel CT genes in multiple myeloma, we used Affymetrix HG-U133 gene expression profiles of 5 testis, 64 primary multiple myeloma cells (MMC), and 24 normal tissue samples. A 5-filte...

Corticosterone is synthesized in the adrenal glands and is circulated throughout the body to perform regulatory functions in various tissues. The testis is known to synthesize and secrete testosterone and other androgens. We developed an accurate method to measure steroid content using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. In the present study, significant levels of the precursor co...