Telomere maintenance by the conventional DNA replication machinery and telomerase is assisted by specialized DNA helicases, nucleases and telomere binding proteins. Here, we identify the THO components at telomeres and define critical roles of this complex in telomere stability. Deletion of the THO-subunit THP2 leads to telomere shortening. We discover that telomeres contain RNA:DNA hybrid stru...

Telomeres are heterochromatic structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. As other heterochromatin regions, telomeres are transcribed, from the subtelomeric region towards chromosome ends into the long non-coding RNA TERRA. Telomere transcription is a widespread phenomenon as it has been observed in species belonging to several kingdoms of the eukaryotic domain. TERRA is part of telomeric...

Telomeres are dynamic nucleoprotein structures that protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation and activation of DNA damage response. For this reason, telomeres are essential to genome integrity. Chromosome ends are enriched in heterochromatic marks and proper organization of telomeric chromatin is important to telomere stability. Despite their heterochromatic state, telomeres are transcr...

Besides controlling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell invasion, the Snail1 transcriptional factor also provides cells with cancer stem cell features. Since telomere maintenance is essential for stemness, we have examined the control of telomere integrity by Snail1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicates that Snail1-depleted mouse mesenchymal stem cells (M...

In the unglaciated parts of Southwestern Wisconsin, buried Terra Rossas are commonly found. These clayey, red soils are buried by loess and mainly found on ridges underlain by limestone. They have been eroded during periglacial climates. The red clay has implications for groundwater recharge as well as lateral flow through the landscape. This project focusses on a 50 km2 watershed where some 40...

Terra Preta soils of central Amazonia exhibit approximately three times more soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus and 70 times more charcoal compared to adjacent infertile soils. The Terra Preta soils were generated by pre-Columbian native populations by chance or intentionally adding large amounts of charred residues (charcoal), organic wastes, excrements and bones. In this paper, it i...

[1] We assess the difference in Top of Atmosphere (TOA) cloud-free Net Radiative Effect (NRE) of dust aerosols between the Terra and Aqua satellites using three years of collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) and the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data over the Atlantic Ocean [0–30 N, 10–60 W]. The dust aerosol optical thickness at 0.55 mm (tdust)...

The urban heat island is generally conducted based on ground observations of air temperature and remotely sensing of land surface temperature (LST). Satellite remotely sensed LST has the advantages of global coverage and consistent periodicity, which overcomes the weakness of ground observations related to sparse distributions and costs. For human related studies and urban climatology, canopy l...

Dipartimento Scienze della Terra, Università Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy, 2 Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria (CNR), Sez. Sapienza, Dipartimento Scienze della Terra, Università Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy, Càtedra Guillem Colom Casasnovas, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 4 Laboratorio de Zoología, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Ba...

This paper introduces query devices, an extension to the widget concept. Query devices are graphical database interaction objects such as rangesliders and toggles. The design space of query devices is structured and it is shown how the design space can be explored so that consistent and distinguishable query devices are created. Existing query devices are placed in the design space and new ones...