We provide new evidence on how deposit funding affects bank lending. For identification, we exploit the 2011 reform of investment income tax in Italy that induced households to substitute bonds with deposits. find banks larger increases deposits expand supply credit lines and long-term low-risk firms. Additional indicates these results are consistent theories emphasizing demandable nature contr...

Pathological iron deposits in the brain, especially within basal ganglia, are linked to severe neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. As iron induces local changes in magnetic susceptibility, its presence can be visualized with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The usual approach, based on iron induced changes in magnetic relaxation (T2/T2'), is often prone, however, to confoundi...

Introduction. An important first step in the current Mars exploration strategy [10] is the detection of sites where there is evidence for past or present near-surface water on Mars. This study evaluates the large-scale morphology of spring deposits and the physical processes of their formation, growth, and evolution in terms that relate to (1) their identification in image data, (2) their forma...

PAGE Introduction 209 Construction of the spraying tower ... ... ... ... ... ... 210 Adjustment of the atomiser ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 211 Spraying procedure ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 211 Determination of weight of deposit ... ... ... ... ... ... 212 Replication and distribution of deposits ... ... ... ... ... ... 213 Factors governing the weight of deposit ... ... ... ... ... .....

A radiocarbon date of 19 100 ±100 yr BP (SUA 2856) dates the maximum extent ofglacier ice at Lake Beatrice in the upper Dante IJ ,,,,,,I,,>r 1'1 •• ... nrlrrh", Late Wisconsin in western Tasmania. Study ofthe Dante Glacier outwash fan deposits shows that rna'l:'Or'\'vlT(~'r"hr',e'; a lDalaec~soJ and an older outwash formation, and are interstratified with fluvial silts detritus deposited of the...

Mapping in the Homs region of Syria has revealed a hitherto unrecognized staircase of at least 12 gravel terraces of the upper Orontes River. The terrace gravels overlie Pliocene lacustrine marl and have been calcareously cemented into conglomerates, sometimes interbedded with cemented fine-grained alluvium. A tentative dating scheme, based on modelling the regional-scale surface uplift that ha...

This paper argues that banks must be sufficiently levered to have first-best incentives to make new risky loans. This result, which is at odds with the notion that leverage invariably leads to excessive risk taking, derives from two key premises that focus squarely on the role of banks as informed lenders. First, banks finance projects that they do not own, which implies that they cannot extrac...