The study of social appropriability of scientific and technological knowledge is important in understanding technological innovation. Current definitions of «appropriability» –based on a notion of scientific and technological knowledge as intangible goods– focus on the capacity of an economic agent to appropriate the benefits generated in the process of application of this knowledge. Several so...

Steel industry is one of the leading industries in the world. Today it is also one of the fundamental and strategic industries of the world. Per capita production and consumption amount of steel are used as a criterion for evaluation of country development. Furthermore, attention to technological innovations is assumed so much crucial to access the international markets of steel industrie...

The traditional reconstructive ladder has withstood the test of time, serving as a thought paradigm to guide surgeons in choosing their method of wound closure for an assortment of defects. Advances in anatomical understanding and technological innovations have improved our ability to achieve definitive closure in a wide variety of patients. In this article, the older construct is updated to re...

This paper explores long wave theory, including Kondratieff’s theory of cycles in production and relative prices; Kuznets’ theory of cycles arising from infrastructure investments; Schumpeter`s theory of cycles due to waves of technological innovation; Goodwin`s theory of cyclical growth based on employment and wage share dynamics; Keynes – Kaldor – Kalecki demand and investment oriented theori...

The identification of technologically innovating firms is related to the development of indicators of their innovation activity. In this study, we carry out a review of indicators of firms’ technological innovation activity and then classify them according to whether they are based on inputs or outputs of the innovation process, and to the sources of the information they consider, whether prima...

JEL classification numbers: O3 and L8 2 ABSTRACT The diffusion literature implicitly assumes that a technological innovation remains homogeneous throughout the time period of the study with the sole modification being an assumed reduction in the real price of the technology over time. We argue that the technology can change in significant ways from one vintage to another to alter the nature of ...

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the current study aims to identify and examine the effect of market orientation, management innovation and technological innovation on organizational performance. the current research was conducted using descriptive- correlational methodology. the population of the current research included pharmaceutical companies throughout the country. using simplerandom sampling method and cochran formula, ...

technological innovation, because of its curtail role in socio-economic development is one of the important aspects of governmental policies. in this article technological innovation is studied by an institutional approach. public policy by applying this approach could use norms, regulations and other institutional measures to improve innovations and technological policy. more specifically in t...