Objective: In this review, we aimed to discuss the efficacy of immunotherapy anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed ligand (PD-L1) potential immune mechanism combination with various standard systemic therapies for breast cancer (BC) such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine radiotherapy.

Abstract Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is most frequently diagnosed in older patients and the presence of multimorbidity frailty common. This means that many are unsuitable for definitive treatment with radical cystectomy/(chemo)radiotherapy at risk poor survival outcomes considerable disease-related morbidity. Screening tools functional status may be useful to determine appropriate a...

Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain tumor and presents high resistance to chemotherapy radiotherapy. Surgery, radiotherapy with temozolomide are only treatments against this tumor. New targeted therapies, including epigenetic modulators such as 3‑deazaneplanocin A (DZ‑Nep; an EZH2 inhibitor) panobinostat (a histone deacetylase being tested in vitro, together temozolomide. The present study...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic tumor, but uses several immune-suppressive mechanisms to shift the balance from tumor immune response toward tumor growth. Although RCC has traditionally been considered to be radiation resistant, recent evidence suggests that hypofractionated radiotherapy contributes to systemic antitumor immunity. Because the efficacy of antitumor immune responses ...

There have been significant improvements in the radiotherapeutic management of patients with high risk prostate cancer. Randomized trials have clearly demonstrated improved outcomes with the combination of radiotherapy in conjunction with androgen deprivation. While these trials have utilized low doses of radiotherapy in the range of 70 Gy, recent studies have suggested that significant benefit...

Renal-cell carcinoma is considered to be a radioresistant tumour, but this notion might be wrong. If given in a few (even single) fractions, but at a high fraction dose, stereotactic body radiotherapy becomes increasingly important in the management of renal-cell carcinoma, both in primary settings and in treatment of oligometastatic disease. There is an established biological rationale for the...

BACKGROUND Solid tumors usually develop local hypoxia, which renders them resilient to radiotherapy. MiR-210 is the most consistently and robustly induced miRNA under hypoxia and functions as a micro-controller of a wide range of cellular responses to hypoxia. Hence, it is important to investigate the effect of knockdown of miR-210 in tumorigenesis and evaluate the efficacy of knockdown of miR-...