The text input for non-alphabetic languages, such as Chinese, has been a decades-long problem. Chinese Dictation using large vocabulary speech recognition provides a convenient mode of text entry. In contrast to a character based Dictation system [5], a word-based Mandarin dictation system has been designed [3] (based on Apple's PlainTalk speech recognition technology [4]) for efficient entry o...

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds ubiquitous in many plants including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, grains, tea and wine (Hollman & Katan, 1999). Flavonoids belong to two classes i) Flavanones and ii) Flavones. The most common flavanones are hesperetin from oranges and naringenin from grapefruit. The most common flavones, also known as polymethoxylated flavones, are tangeretin...

ROM the progeny of crosses between normal canning tomatoes, LycoperF sicon esculentum Mill., and the wild species L. hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl., LINCOLN et al. (1943) and KOHLER et al. (1947) isolated a new tomato type which was distinguished from normal tomatoes by producing orange fruits in which most of the carotene produced was beta-carotene. From the study of a cross between the red canning...

Alternaria brown spot is one of the most important diseases of tangerines and their hybrids worldwide. Recently, outbreaks in Mediterranean areas related to susceptible cultivars, refocused attention on the disease. Twenty representatives were selected from a collection of 180 isolates of Alternaria spp. from citrus leaves and fruit. They were characterized along with reference strains of Alter...

The tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing brown spot disease on a number of citrus cultivars. To better understand the dynamics of signal regulation leading to oxidative and osmotic stress response and fungal infection on citrus, phenotypic characterization of the yeast SSK1 response regulator homolog was performed. It was determined that SSK1 res...

Morphological observation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species in rhizospheric soil could not accurately reflect the actual AMF colonizing status in roots, while molecular identification of indigenous AMF colonizing citrus rootstocks at present was rare in China. In our study, community of AMF colonizing trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) and red tangerine (Citrus reticula...

The multi-mycotoxin occurrence for internal and superficial fungi contamination were comprehensively assessed in medicinal seeds used as food or beverage. Based on a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, β-tubulin and ITS gene blast, a total of 27 species belonging to 12 genera were identified from surface-sterilized seeds. Chaetomium globosporum was most predominant (23%), follow...

BACKGROUND Tomatoes contain high levels of several carotenoids including lycopene and β-carotene. Beyond their functions as colorants and nutrients, carotenoids are precursors for important volatile flavor compounds. In order to assess the importance of apocarotenoid volatiles in flavor perception and acceptability, we conducted sensory evaluations of near-isogenic carotenoid biosynthetic mutan...

abstract: due to the importance of essential oils and their use in various industries, the essential oils of four types of citrus consisting of orange (c. sinesis), tangerine (c. reticulate), sweet lemon (c. limetta) and sour lemon (c. limon) were extracted and subjected to chemical analysis to identify and evaluate the chemical constituents of the oils. the average essential oils of orange, ta...

To quantify the emission rate of monoterpenes (MTs) from diverse natural sources, the sorbent tube (ST)-thermal desorption (TD) method was employed to conduct the collection and subsequent detection of MTs by gas chromatography. The calibration of MTs, when made by both mass spectrometric (MS) and flame ionization detector (FID), consistently exhibited high coefficient of determination values (...