The murine breast cancer cells (4T1) grown both in female BALB/c mice and in culture were treated with anastrozole (50 $\mu$ g/mL), tamoxifen citrate (5 $\mu$ g/mL), and the combination of the two drugs in order to determine treatment efficacies, toxic potential, and the mechanism of cell death. The in vivo treatments were evaluated by monitoring tumor growth, development, and life span. The in...

BACKGROUND Some women may benefit from taking tamoxifen citrate for breast cancer prevention if the probability of benefit outweighs that of adverse events. We determined the proportion of women aged 40 to 69 years attending general internal medicine practices who were potentially eligible for tamoxifen chemoprevention and calculated the maximum proportion of breast cancers that could be preven...

Idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT) affects approximately 30% of all infertile men. This mini-review discussed recent data in this field. Age, non-inflammatory functional alterations in post-testicular organs, infective agents (Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes virus and adeno-associated viruses), alterations in gamete genome, mitochondrial alterations, environmental pollutants and "subt...

Background: To investigate if aberrant methylation and expression of imprinted genes of the Igf2-H19 locus in the spermatozoa and embryos could be a paternal epigenetic factor involved in early embryo loss To elucidate the role of estrogen in acquisition of the imprinting at the Igf2-H19 locus during spermatogenesis Materials and Methods: Adult male rats of Holtzman strain were administered tam...

background and objective: tamoxifen is one of the selective estrogen receptor modulators that exerts estrogen / anti-estrogen effects in various tissues. this study was done to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of tamoxifen on spatial memory and passive avoidance task in adult male wistar rats. methods: in this experimental study, 48 adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into...

background: accumulation of triglycerides in the liver i.e. steatosis, is a well-known side-effect of tamoxifen administration to patients suffering from breast cancer. cichoriumintybus (chicory) is a plant used as traditional medicine for curing liver disorders. in this study, the effects of extract prepared from chicory roots on tamoxifen-induced liver steatosis and related biochemical factor...

studies on biomedical applications of nanoparticles are growing with a rapid pace. in medicine, nanoparticles may be the solution for multi-drug-resistance which is still a major drawback in chemotherapy of cancer. in the present study, we investigated the potential cytotoxic effect of silver nanoparticles (ag nps) and silver ions (ag+) in both parent and tamoxifen-resistant t47d cells in prese...