Depredadores y parasitoides no intencionados pueden aprovechar las conspicuas señales de apareamiento los insectos para localizar al emisor. Dado que estas interacciones asumir un costo sustancial el emisor señales, la selección puede provocar cambios en sus lo posiblemente contribuya a evolución del sistema comunicación. Comprender historia vida especies interactúan, especialmente espía, es es...

Predation and competition can induce important density- and trait-mediated effects on species, with implications for community stability. However, interactions of these factors with parasitism remain understudied. Here we investigate interactions among competition, predation and parasitism by crossing tadpole density (Bufo americanus), presence of a caged predator (Notophthalmus viridescens), a...

Pacemaker mechanisms in the heart of the primitive crustacean Triops longicaudatus were examined electrophysiologically. The heart is tubular and the heart wall consists of a single layer of myocardial cells. No nerve cells were found in the heart, either with methylene blue vital staining or by light microscopy of serial sections. The heart beats rhythmically at a frequency of 120 to 240 beats...

The development of a wireless undulatory tadpole robot using ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) actuators is presented. In order to improve the thrust of the tadpole robot, a biomimetic undulatory motion of the fin tail is implemented. The overall size of the underwater microrobot prototype, shaped as a tadpole, is 96 mm in length, 24 mm in width, and 25 mm in thickness. It has one polymer fi...

Rabbits were immunized with frog or tadpole haemoglobin purified either by chromatography or by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The obtained rabbit antisera were shown to be specific for frog or tadpole haemolysates by double diffusion, immunoprecipitation and immunonuorescence. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of peripheral blood smears of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles at the metamorphic cl...