........................................................................................ 1 1.Introduction: .............................................................................. 1 1.1.What is Used Oil? ......................................................................... 2 1.2.Why is Used Oil: "Risky Waste"? ................................................ 2 1.3.How is Used Oil Recy...

A new gravity model with the function F (R) = (1/β) arctan (βR− βR) instead of the Ricci scalar in the Einstein–Hilbert action, describing inflation of the Universe, is suggested and analyzed. We obtain constant curvature solutions of the model in the Jordan frame. Performing the conformal transformation of the metric, the potential and the mass of a scalar degree of freedom in the Einstein fra...

T–functions are a new class of primitives which have recently been introduced by Klimov and Shamir. The several concrete proposals by the authors have multiplication and squaring as core nonlinear operations. Firstly, we present time-memory trade-off algorithms to solve the problems related to multiplication and squaring. Secondly, we apply these algorithms to two of the proposals of multi-word...

Already, the formation of the WTO did not halt the proliferation of new RTAs. There has been an enormous increase in Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) in the last twenty years. In fact, RTAs legitimacy is well recognised under GATT/WTO. By their very nature, such arrangements favour imports from members of the grouping and discriminate against imports from other countries. This departure fro...

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on services have proliferated since 2000. This working paper briefly presents the expansion of the dataset initially developed in Marchetti and Roy (2008). The data permits to assess the extent to which market access commitments undertaken by WTO Members in PTAs go beyond GATS commitments and offers made in the context of the Doha Development Agenda. The dat...

This study is an empirical attempt to find out whether under sanctions Iran’s trade direction has shifted away from Europe (trade policy of de-Europeanization) towards Asia (trade policy of Asianization). The analysis is conducted using a panel-gravity trade model to analyze bilateral trade pattern between Iran and 50 countries from the EU and Asia during the period 2006–2013. To this end, the ...

This paper shows that a manufacturer may bene…t from parallel trade. In addition to an intuitive condition about the e¤ect of demand shocks, this occurs when competitive retailers must order inventories before they know the realization of demand and for products whose sale value drops at the end of the demand period. For these types of products, letting retailers trade unsold inventories genera...

In most inventory models it is assumed that the parameters of the model do not vary with time, and that the payment of orders from the retailer to the supplier is made immediately up on the receipt of these orders. Some suppliers, however, allow a certain fixed period to settle payment accounts. During this fixed period no interest is charged by the supplier, but beyond that period an interest,...