Systemic hypoxia produces an inflammatory response characterized by increases in reactive O(2) species (ROS), venular leukocyte-endothelial adherence and emigration, and vascular permeability. Inflammation is typically initiated by mediators released from activated perivascular cells that generate the chemotactic gradient responsible for extravascular leukocyte accumulation. These experiments w...

Metazoan organisms are dependent on a continuous supply of O(2) for survival. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that regulates oxygen homeostasis and plays key roles in development, physiology, and disease. HIF-1 activity is induced in response to continuous hypoxia, intermittent hypoxia, growth factor stimulation, and Ca(2+) signaling. HIF-1 mediates adaptive respons...

Introduction: At altitude the body is exposed to systemic hypobaric hypoxia and adapts in order

Abstract Hypoxia is an essential topic in medical or biological sciences. The main aims of the present study were to examine most important articles (i.e., top 100 cited) on hypoxia. We how Nobel-prize awarded hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-pathway discovery early 1990s has changed thematic composition this body literature, with a special emphasis studies linking and cancer. searched Pubmed for...

Systemic hypoxia produces a rapid microvascular inflammatory response characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leukocyte-endothelial adherence and emigration, and increased vascular permeability. The lipid inflammatory mediator leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) is involved in the early hypoxia-induced responses (ROS generation and leukocyte adherence). Whether other lipid inflam...

When pulmonary hypertension occurs in the face of hypoxia there is remodeling of all three layers of the pulmonary vessels, but in particular, there is an increase in number of adventitial fibroblasts. Hypoxia causes vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation and vasodilation in the systemic circulation. We hypothesized that there are fundamental differences in oxygen sensing and cell signal...

The hemodynamic response to reductions in systemic oxygen availability serves to redistribute blood flow and maintain vital organ function. The efficacy of this response depends on the degree to which hypoxia alters the function of the vascular tissues themselves. In this study we have evaluated these effects in rats exposed to 10% oxygen for 0 (control), 12, and 48 h and for 48 h followed by 1...

Although polycythemia commonly occurs in hypoxic patients, most hemodynamic studies of polycythemia have been done in the normoxemic state. We studied the combined effects of polycythemia and hypoxia. In 11 splenectomized, anesthetized dogs, hematocrit was increased from 42.6 ± 1.2 to 65.5 ± 0.6% (SEM) by isovolumic exchange transfusions with fresh canine packed RBC's. Studies were conducted du...

Information is rapidly emerging regarding the important role of the arterial vasa vasorum in a variety of systemic vascular diseases. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that progenitor cells of bone marrow (BM) origin may contribute to postnatal neovascularization and/or vascular wall thickening that is characteristic in some forms of systemic vascular disease. Little is known regarding ...

Reduced oxygen supply during the pre- and perinatal period often leads to acquired neonatal brain damage. So far, there are no reliable markers available to assess the hypoxic cerebral damage and the resulting prognosis during the immediate postnatal period. Thus we aimed to determine whether the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF-1 and HIF-2) and/or their target genes in the placenta...