xylariaceous fungi are typically saprobes, but are also commonly isolated as endophytes and some species are pathogens. two species of lopadostoma (xylariaceae, xylariales) are reported for the first time from iran. l. dryophilum was found from dead branches of quercus sp. in east azerbaiejan and l. fagi from dead branches of fagus sp. in ardabil province. based on morphology and sequence data ...

background and objective: today, much attention is being paid to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. in some parts of the world, the rate of cardiovascular disease is low due to a mediterranean diet containing olive oil. this systematic review examined the verses and traditions in order to express opinions on olive and compare it with the findings of modern medicine. methods: this is a q...

background: constipation is physically and mentally troublesome for many patients and has adverse effects on their quality of life. the aim of the present study was to systematically review previous studies on the epidemiology of constipation in iran. methods: bibliographic databases including pubmed, google scholar, and iranian databases including scientific information database, iran medex, a...

introduction: although many studies have been conducted in the telepathology field in recent years, a systematic review that examines studies in a comparative manner has not yet been undertaken. this paper aims to review the published papers on telepathology projects and compare them in several aspects such as telepathology method,telecommunication method, clinical outcome, etc. methods: pubmed...

Sir William Mackenzie (I835) was the first to describe raised intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma. Following the introduction of the ophthalmoscope, the presence of glaucomatous cupping was soon recognized (Jacobson, I853; Jaeger, I854; von Graefe, 1854; Weber, i 855; and others) and was confirmed histopathologically by Miuller (1856). Mackenzie (i854) described flattened and atrophic nerves...

Received: 19. 10. 2006. Accepted: 20. 11. 2006. Congenital abnormality, an occult spinal dysraphism �ith spinal lipoma, is a rare dysraphic spinal abnormality. The syndrome, treatments, outcomes, and current controversies are revie�ed. Occult spinal dysraphism usually is usually manifested �ithout clinical changes, either neurological or local changes. Local cutaneous changes associated �ith oc...

Structural aspects of the Bechgaard salts (TMTSF)2X and related 2:1 salts. mostly based on the sulfur donors TMTTF and BCPOITF as well as on the hybrid TMDTDSF dorlor, are considered in relationship with their physical properties. The basic structure of these softs is revie~ved with a special emphasize on the dimerization of the organic stack and on the disorder of the aurons IX). 0lhen the den...

J ust to add to the recent concern over heading soccer balls and the risk of chronic brain injury, another study has just appeared that raises new fears. In a paper published in Brain, Chio and his colleagues from Italy reported that there was an increased risk of developing motor neurone disease (MND) amongst Italian soccer players. In this retrospective cohort study, there were five diagnosed...

A molecular-dynamics study of the structure and dynamics of monatomic liquids and glasses is presented. The local atomic structure and its development during the quenching process are analyzed in terms of fluctuations of atomic-level stresses and their correlations. This approach extends the basis for the description of the local structure from the usually employed scalar quantity, the local de...

following the hospitalization of 195 individuals due to the spider bite in 1995 and three cases of recorded death in the year of 1993 which were referred to emam reza hospital in mashad, the present study was undertaken on bionomics and medical importance of lathrodectus spp in khorasan province, during 1995-2005. a total cases of 195 bites were studied composing of 70.8 % males and 29.2% femal...