objective: synthetic fluorescent dyes that are conjugated to antibodies are useful tools to probe molecules. based on dye chemical structures, their photobleaching and photostability indices are quite diverse. it is generally believed that among different fluorescent dyes, alexa fluor family has greater photostability than traditional dyes like fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) and cy5. alexa f...

A new method for the synthesis of industrially important azoimidazolium dyes is presented. The procedure is based on a reagent which is rarely used in the context of synthetic organic chemistry: nitrous oxide ("laughing gas"). N2O is first coupled to N-heterocyclic carbenes. Subsequent reaction with aromatic compounds through an AlCl3-induced C-H activation process provides azoimidazolium dyes ...

Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the determination of five synthetic food dyes (Quinoline Yellow E104, Sunset Yellow E110, Ponceau 4R E124, Tartrazine E102 and Carmine E120) in vitamins was used. The dyes were analyzed within 10 min using a column with stationary phase C 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 40 °C with isocratic elution, and the mobile phase contained...

Water plays a vital and essential role in our ecosystem. This natural resource is becoming scarce, making its availability a major social and economic concern. Use of a large variety of synthetic dyes in textile industries has raised an hazardous environmental alert. About 17 - 20% of freshwater pollution is caused by textile effluents. These effluents are recalcitrant to biodegradation and cau...

In this study, oxidative discoloration of Basic blue3 (B.B3) and Disperse blue56 (D.B56) dyes in synthetic textile wastewater has been studied using Fenton (Fe2+/H2 O2 ) process. The Fenton’s technique showed satisfactory color removal efficiency. The operating parameters such as concentration of Fe2+, dose of H2 O2 , initial concentration of dye, time contact, initial volume of wastewater that...

Synthetic dyes released by various industries pose a real concern to the environmental safety. Existing physico-chemical methods of dye removal from effluents suffer from severe constraints like low efficiency, high operational cost and large amount of sludge generation. Over the last two decades, considerable work has been done with the goal of using microorganisms as bioremediation agents in ...

Following the first report on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) by Prof. Grätzel in 1991, thousands of papers have been published with the aim of making DSCs commercially viable (Fig. 1). They are attractive because of their low-cost materials and convenient fabrication by a non-vacuum, high-speed printing process. One of the key materials in DSCs is the sensitizer dye. Ruthenium-complex dyes a...

This study investigated the efficiency of electerocoagulation (EC) in removing color from synthetic and simulated textile wastewater. The study on decolorization of mixed dyes is a step toward an effective treatment of textile wastewater. Two representative reactive dye molecules were selected for the synthetic dye wastewater, a blue dye alone and mixed dye (black, blue, red, 1:1:1v/v). The EC ...

Results Materials and Methods Four commercial dyes were used — Remazol® Black BA, Levafix® Blue Ca, Levafix® Yellow CA and Levafix® Red CA (Dystar). A standard anthraquinone dye, Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR, Sigma) was also used. Dye stock solutions were added to solid or liquid decolorization media, up to 200 mg.L-1 final concentration. Rose Bengal Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar (both from D...