mother archetype is one of the most important archetypes in carl gustav jung's theory manifested in literary works both as the character of a real mother or in the form of symbols that indicate maternal aspect. epic is a work derived from the male-dominated society in which the heroic functions and masculine power grabs the attentions always more than the women's presence and role. ho...

the musical symbol is one way of expression among many other ways. it doesn`t directly correspond with meaning or reality. rather, it provides images that are representative of the original. however, symbols goes beyond this and provide deep significant symbolic meanings and visions. mystical poetry has a complex intellectual structure, particularly in arabic and persian literature. hence, musi...

We prove the NP-hardness of the problem whether a given word can be derived from a given regular grammar without repeated occurrence of any nonterminal.

We provide a model that extends the splitmerge framework of Petrov et al. (2006) to jointly learn latent annotations and Tree Substitution Grammars (TSGs). We then conduct a variety of experiments with this model, first inducing grammars on a portion of the Penn Treebank and the Korean Treebank 2.0, and next experimenting with grammar refinement from a single nonterminal and from the Universal ...

In hierarchical phrase-based translation, coarse-grained nonterminal Xs may generate inappropriate translations due to the lack of sufficient information for phrasal substitution. In this paper we propose a framework to refine nonterminals in hierarchical translation rules with real-valued semantic representations. The semantic representations are learned via a weighted mean value and a minimum...

An attribute grammar is simple multi-visit if each attribute of a nonterminal has a fixed visit-number associated with it such that, during attribute evaluation, the attributes of a node which have visit-number j are computed at the jth visit to the node. An attribute grammar is Iordered if for each nonterminal a linear order of its attributes exists such that the attributes of a node can alway...