Over the last decades a divide seems to have emerged in the cognitive sciences between embodied and symbolic approaches to language understanding. Embodied approaches argue that language comprehension requires activation of our experiences with the world, whereas symbolic approaches argue that language comprehension relies on interdependencies of words. The current paper argues that language co...

This paper shows a system that performs simple symbolic processing. The system is based entirely on fatiguing Leaky Integrate and Fire neurons, a coarse model of neurons. Following Hebb, the symbols are encoded by neurons that form Cell Assemblies. Additionally simple rules of the form ifX → X+1 are encoded by Cell Assemblies, and this symbolic computation is performed. Finally, a more complex ...

The Islamic Revolution of Iran has included symbolic aspects. The fundamental question of the article is that, what are the symbolic aspects of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and why the Islamic Republic of Iran has used these features to influence Islamic countries? Since the bearers of the word and the symbolic goods have the most legitimacy in social and political fields, this revolution has...

Number processing is a cognitive domain particularly sensitive to prenatal alcohol exposure, which relies on intact parietal functioning. Alcohol-related alterations in brain activation have been found in the parietal lobe during symbolic number processing. However, the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the neural correlates of non-symbolic number comparison and the numerical distance eff...

the effect of rare earth (re) elements, including ce and la, on the sorption properties of zr-co getters was investigated in this work. the phase evolution, microstructural characteristics of getter powders were studied by means of x-ray diffraction method, scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (eds). the nanostructured zr3co intermetallic compound has been...

toll like receptors (tlrs) recognize pathogens and generate an immediate defense response by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which rapidly destroy or limit the pathogens. in their bridging role, tlr downstream signals link innate and adaptive immunity, particularly by mediating dc maturation and activation of pathogen specific t lymphocytes. these pathways lead to the act...

Numbers are everywhere in modern life. Looking out a window, one might see both symbolic numbers, like the numerals on a thermometer, and nonsymbolic quantities, such as the number of chickadees at a bird feeder. Although differences between symbolic and nonsymbolic numbers appear very salient, most research on numerical cognition has focused on similarities rather than differences between nume...

A model of computation that is widely used in the formal analysis of reactive systems is symbolic algorithms. In this model the access to the input graph is restricted to consist of symbolic operations, which are expensive in comparison to the standard RAM operations. We give lower bounds on the number of symbolic operations for basic graph problems such as the computation of the strongly conne...

in this study, the recycling possibility of residual oil fly ash (rofa) towards preparing activated carbon and its application in environmental remediation through adsorbing cu (ii) and pb (ii) ions from aqueous solutions were investigated. activated carbons were prepared using two different physical activation methods such as under steam flow at 950 0c, and combined steam and co2 flow at 850 0...