By pure calculus of names we mean a quantifier-free theory, based on the classical propositional calculus, which defines predicates known from Aristotle’s syllogistic and Leśniewski’s Ontology. For a large fragment of the theory decision procedures, defined by a combination of simple syntactic operations and models in two-membered domains, can be used. We compare the system which employs ‘ε’ as...

This paper presents a prolog implementation of syllogistic logic, based on the Individual Identiication Algorithm (IIA) (Stenning & Yule 1996), which has been shown to be relevant to human performance in syllogistic reasoning tasks. The IIA is isomorphic to the Method of Euler Circles (Euler 1772), and turns on the iden-tiication of necessary individuals prior to drawing quantiied conclusions. ...

Properties as set of individuals, or of features? Worlds, or propositions? Time-points, or events? Preference, or choice? Natural kinds, or similarity? In modern analytic philosophy it is standard to take (i) individuals as basic, and properties as defined in terms of them; (ii) worlds as basic, and propositions as defined in terms of them; (iii) time-points as basic, and intervals as construct...