Public investment can enhance productivity and promote economic growth, foster societal wellbeing, support long-term policies. Government expenditures be considered investments if they are directed towards durable assets like transport energy infrastructure, healthcare education facilities, IT systems, defence intangible such as research development. often includes purchases needed to implement...

Previous literature has suggested that the urban form (i.e., city size, density, and center distribution pattern) influences urban energy consumption. It has been argued that more dense development is likely to result in more energy-efficient and sustainable cities. However, very little is known about the precise magnitude of possible energy savings from more compact urban form. Moreover, pract...

Sustainability of current energy policies and their mid-term outlooks are investigated. First, an overview is given about the trend of global energy demand and energy production. The share of energy sources and the geographic distribution of demand are analysed on the basis of the statistics and projections published by major agencies. Sustainability of selected renewable energy sources is then...

Sustainable development is a Controversial concept which has been considered over the three decades. It is comprehensive development and includes all of dimensions as “economic’’, “social’’ and ‘‘environmental’’. In economic objective, it requires substantial economic change that can be brought about by investment and trade. They are effective factors of sustainable developm...

The year 2015 will bring key milestones in two areas related to global energy policies and governance: sustainable development and climate change. The current United Nations (UN) sustainable development framework, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), will terminate in 2015 and a new programme will start based on a new set of ‘Sustainable Development Goals’. The Ad Hoc Working Group on the D...

Energy consumption has been essential to societies; because societies depend on the rising provisions of energy to meet their requirements for goods and services and endorse sustainable development. The major source of energy nowadays is oil; oil consumption is dependent on oil availability, production and price. Several Arab countries are considered as major suppliers of oil in the world; cons...

Nowadays, Most of the cities, especially metropolises of developing countries are engaged with environmental issues like air and water pollution, waste increase and etc., that lead to the environmental destruction. Meanwhile sustainable urban development, provides the balance between development and the environment, and supplies the current generation needs while keep its eyes on the next gener...