Growth and development are the permanent goals of various societies. But, there is a question: How can we access to development? After World War II, the improvements of social and economic situation were followed as a major goal. Therefore, the developed countries find the way of development and innovation in economical development, equality and social justice. According to this viewpoint, deve...

The Biosphere Reserve (BR) model of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme reflects a shift towards more accountable conservation. Biosphere Reserves attempt to reconcile environmental protection with sustainable development; they explicitly acknowledge humans, and human interests in the conservation landscape while still maintaining the ecological values of existing protected areas. Conceptu...

Abstract Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for life. In many tropical countries, P-fixing soils and very low historical P input limit uptake of in crops thus yields. This presents a serious obstacle achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.3 doubling productivity smallholder farms. We calculated geographic distribution limitation (1 – actual/potential uptake) required to ...

a secular milestone is approached by the world in line of reaching millennium development goals (mdgs). after december 2015, a new of flexible and global sustainable development goals (sdgs) were set, replace mdgs by sdgs. infant mortality rate (imr) is a pivotal indicator of development in a given country that embedded in millennium development goal (mdg).  after that in manner of strong clini...