We attempt to elucidate whether there might be a causal connection between the socioeconomic status (SES) of the rearing environment and obesity in the offspring using data from two large-scale adoption studies: (1) The Copenhagen Adoption Study of Obesity (CASO), and (2) The Survey of Holt Adoptees and Their Families (HOLT). In CASO, the SES of both biological and adoptive parents was known, b...

Introduction In recent years, the remarkable increase in the number of infections caused by fungal pathogens, especially in immunocompromised people, has stimulated interest in medical mycology in general and in antifungal susceptibility testing in particular. 1,2 In-vitro procedures for determining the activity of drugs against mould and yeast isolates involve clinicians in the choice and moni...

BACKGROUND The tumor necrosis factor recepter associated factor (TRAF) 6 is an important intracellular adapter protein that plays a pivotal role in activating multiple inflammatory and immune related processes induced by cytokines. TRAF6 represents a strong candidate susceptibility factor for sepsis. We investigated whether polymorphisms at the TRAF6 gene are associated with the susceptibility ...

The intermediate and medial part of the hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) is a part of the chick forebrain that is critical for the learning process of imprinting and may be a site of information storage. Chicks were either trained on an imprinting stimulus or dark-reared. Trained chicks were classified as good or poor learners by their preference score (a measure of the strength of imprinting). A ...

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and the western corn rootworm (WCR) are among world’s most expansive insect pests. aim of study was to assess, for first time in Poland, levels susceptibility to deltamethrin tau-fluvalinate WCR determine current status those active substances CPB. In addition, role oxidative metabolism detoxification pyrethroids was determined using piperonyl butoxide (PBO...

Nutrition is a key factor in host-pathogen defense. Malnutrition can increase both host susceptibility and severity of infection through a number of pathways, and infection itself can promote nutritional deterioration and further susceptibility. Nutritional status can also strongly influence response to vaccination or therapeutic pharmaceuticals. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have a lon...

Facultative endosymbionts can induce benefits and costs to their aphid hosts. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), infection with ?-proteobacterium Hamiltonella defensa Moran et al. confer resistance against parasitoids, but may also reduce frequency of aggressive escape behaviours exhibited in response predators. potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) ...