This article provides an overview of the social and psychological aspects surrounding the surrogacy process including attitudes about surrogacy, perceptions and problems of surrogate mothers and intended/social parents, and questions concerning children resulting from contractual parenting. Review of the literature on contractual parenting reveals a wealth of discussion about the ethical, moral...

Two families manifesting Glut1 deficiency syndrome (DS) as an autosomal recessive trait are described. In 1 family, a severely affected boy inherited a mutated allele from his asymptomatic heterozygous mother. A de novo mutation developed in the paternal allele, producing compound heterozygosity. In another family, 2 mildly affected sisters inherited mutations from their asymptomatic heterozygo...

The psychological experiences of lesbian mothers, both coupled and single, are compared and contrasted with heterosexual and gay parents who use assisted reproductive technology, focusing on issues of parental desire, fertility, babies conceived from science rather than sex, presence of an outside party in conception, genetic asymmetry, social anxieties, legal protections, disclosure, and gende...

The article is devoted to the study of legal framework surrogacy as a method assisted reproductive technologies in Republic Belarus and European Union countries. Based on identified models regulation surrogacy, countries are divided into three groups. specific features traditional gestational commercial altruistic contracts, status surrogate mother genetic parents, effects presumptions maternit...

A special class of the knapsack problem is called the separable nonlinear knapsack problem. This problem has received considerable attention recently because of its numerous applications. Dynamic programming is one of the basic approaches for solving this problem. Unfortunately, the size of state-pace will dramatically increase and cause the dimensionality problem. In this paper, an efficient a...

In this paper, we have outlined the surrogate management framework for optimization of expensive functions. An initial simple iterative method which we call the “Strawman” method illustrates how surrogates can be incorporated into optimization to stand in for the most expensive function. These ideas are made rigorous by incorporating them into the framework of pattern search methods. The SMF al...

This multiple case study described functional illiterate parents’ lived experiences in Modular Distance Learning through their struggles, coping mechanisms, and realizations as supervisors of children’s learning. The data from each the parents was checked to discover similarities differences between cases for a more in-depth understanding phenomenon. Specifically, this examined five who were pu...