Biochar modification has received significant research attention due to its attractive and fruitful rewards in improving biochar performances. However, the determinants of modified biochars’ stability ability aged biochars remove heavy metals have not been comprehensively evaluated. Therefore, three commonly used functional groups (5% 10% H2O2-modified (BCH5 BCH20); 25% 65% HNO3-modified (BCA25...

Surface charges and their algebra in interacting Lagrangian gauge field theories are investigated by using techniques from the variational calculus. In the case of exact solutions and symmetries, the surface charges are interpreted as a Pfaff system. Integrability is governed by Frobenius’ theorem and the charges associated with the derived symmetry algebra are shown to vanish. In the asymptoti...

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to examine the disjoining pressure effect of a water thin film adsorbed on a metal surface. The model was validated against experiments and verified against previous MD simulations. The variation of vapor pressure with film thickness was examined for a water thin film adsorbed on a gold surface. The results agree well with the classic disjoining pres...

Ion channel conductance can be influenced by electrostatic effects originating from fixed "surface" charges that are remote from the selectivity filter. To explore whether surface charges contribute to the conductance properties of Kir2.1 channels, unitary conductance was measured in cell-attached recordings of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with Kir2.1 channels over a range of K...

although in recent two decades, the concept of dielectric barrier discharges (dbds) have been developed in ozone production well, air pollution control, plasma screens and control of chemical, and biological and medical processes, employment of this concept for high voltage applications to improve insulation performance as an alternative to the pressurized gas-insulated systems (gis) utilizing ...

Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique that relies on the electrostatic repulsion between surface charges to continuously draw nanofibers from a viscoelastic fluid. Electrospinning can generate nanofibers with a number of secondary structures. Surface and/or interior of nanofibers can be functionalized with molecular species or nanoparticles during or after an electrospinning proce...

By means of Langevin molecular dynamics simulations, we study the packaging dynamics of flexible and semiflexible polyelectrolytes in spherical cavities that resemble viral capsids. We employ a coarse-grained model of the polymer– capsid complex that allows us to perform simulations of a 900mer and investigate the influence of surface charges inside the capsid and an additional motor force, act...

Effects of nanoscale confinement and partial charges that stem from quantum calculations are investigated in silica slit channels filled with 1 M KCl at the point of zero charge by using a hierarchical multiscale simulation methodology. Partial charges of both bulk and surface atoms from ab initio quantum calculations that take into account bond polarization and electronegativity are used in mo...

of Science Topic: The ambient plasma and solar UV incident on the lunar surface cause it to become electrically charged [1,2]. On the dayside, solar UV photocharging typically dominates, so the surface charges positive [3,4]; while on the nightside the plasma electrons usually dominate and thus the surface charges negative [5]. The resulting surface electric potential is confined to a near-surf...