let g = (v,e) be a locally finite graph, i.e. a graph in which every vertex has finitely many adjacent vertices. in this paper, we associate a topology to g, called graphic topology of g and we show that it is an alexandroff topology, i.e. a topology in which intersec- tion of every family of open sets is open. then we investigate some properties of this topology. our motivation is to give an e...

This paper introduces a new approach to topology, based on category theory and universal algebra, and called categorically-algebraic (catalg) topology. It incorporates the most important settings of lattice-valued topology, including poslat topology of S.~E.~Rodabaugh, $(L,M)$-fuzzy topology of T.~Kubiak and A.~v{S}ostak, and $M$-fuzzy topology on $L$-fuzzy sets of C.~Guido. Moreover, its respe...

The present study investigated the effect of using PRAAT as a free computer software package for the scientific analysis of speech in phonetics on pre-intermediate Iranian English as foreign language (EFL) learners’ supra segmental features (i.e., intonation and stress). The design of the study was a Quasi-experimental research design with a pre and post-test. In doing so...

The paper reports a study of a videoconference-based environment in decentralized university education and factors determining the success of teaching and learning in the environment. The focus of the paper is on the role of a person having the formal responsibilities of a technician. An ethnographic study conducted over the course of a year revealed that the contribution of this person far exc...

In general I agree with Stefan Ingves’ proposition that cross-border banking generates negative externalities and makes transnational confl icts of interest more likely. Small host countries such as New Zealand are particularly vulnerable to such confl icts and externalities, particularly in times of crisis. There are a number of different ways to approach this issue, one of which is Stefan’s s...

Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed that two distinct brain networks are recruited in the perception of sub-second and supra-second durations. The aim of this study is to examine how intermediate duration between sub- and supra-second, that is, around one second duration, is processed in our brain. We hypothesized that durations around one second can be processed either by the sub-second ...