to explore the trend and composition of post-graduate iranian students who received governmental scholarship during the last two decades.detailed information about the awarded scholarships and also about the number of post graduate students in clinical and basic sciences in domestic universities were collected from the related offices within the ministry of health and medical education and thei...

In current situations, quantitative and qualitative reduction of water resources has become global crisis. This subject has created many problems in Iran’s agriculture sector. In this research, effective factors on participation rate of farmers in Hashtgerd regarding optimum Utilization of irrigation networks are studied. The statistical population included all 1500 farmers in Hashtgerd city. A...

Since 1989 the Bank’s Operational Directive (OD) 4.01 Environmental Assessment and its successor documents OP/BP/G 4.0 have required that affected groups and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) be consulted as part of the environmental assessment of projects and particularly those with potentially significant impacts (Category A). The primary purpose of this provision is to protect the interes...

The move of governmental agencies from Bonn to Berlin as part of the German reunification requires technical and organizational support for collaborative work processes within and among geographically distributed work units. The project POLIWORK [Haake, Bapat, Kaiser 1997], which is part of the German POLIKOM initiative, aims at the development, introduction and evaluation of telecooperation su...

This paper undertakes a direct, comprehensive assessment of the long-term sustainability of desertification rehabilitation in China under a plausible but worst case scenario where governmental interventions, in the form of payments for environmental services (PES), will cease. The analysis is based on household behavior as well as experimental data. Our econometric results highlight the main ob...

In normative public economics, inter-governmental competition is usually viewed as harmful. Although empirical support for this position does not abound, market integration has intensi ̄ed competition among developed countries. In this paper we argue that when assessing welfare e®ects of inter-governmental competition for various forms of government imperfections (the public choice critique), th...

accreditation, as an approach to quality assurance and improvement, has a hundred-year history in the united states. other countries have started to establish such systems in the past twenty years. recently, we have witnessed numerous discussions and some practical steps toward establishing accreditation systems in iran. a major practical challenge for such newer accreditation systems is that a...

conclusions there are a wide range of requirements for disaster aid. proper aid worker selection, frequent and continuous administration of workshops and drills, and cooperation and alignment of different governmental and private organizations are among the suggested initiatives. results four major themes emerged from the data; 1) psychological support, 2) appropriate clinical skills education,...