background: panoramic imaging is one of the most common imaging methods in dentistry. regarding the side-effects of ionizing radiation, it is necessary to survey different aspects and details of panoramic imaging. in this study, we compared the absorbed x-ray dose around two panoramic x-ray units: pm 2002 cc proline (planmeca, helsinki, finland) and cranex tome (soredex, helsinki, finland). mat...

  Purpose: To recognize affective factors in delivering X-ray contrast agents (which have high atomic number) via gallium carrier to liver or lymphatic neoplasm cells.   Materials and Methods: Since uptake of gallium by liver has been reported in numerous researches, it was bonded with a contrast media (metrizoate). X-ray imaging was done to determine geometric features of liver.   Results: Rad...

A challenge of X-ray radiation therapy is that high dose X-ray under therapeutic conditions damages normal cells. This paper describes a nanoparticle-based method to enhance X-ray radiation therapy by delivering radio-sensitizing gold nanoparticles into cancer cells. The nanoparticles have been modified with cationic polyelectrolytes to allow internalization. Upon X-ray irradiation of nanoparti...

The combined effect of superficial nanocrystallisation by SMAT (Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment) followed by plasma nitriding on the mechanical properties of a medical grade austenitic stainless steel was studied. SMAT conditions were optimised to enhance nitrogen diffusion. Experimental observations (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy profiles, cross-sectional optical micrographs, pha...

The use of IORT as a treatment modality for patients with close or positive margins has increased over the past decade. For situations where a flat area (up to 6 cm in diameter) has to be treated intraoperatively, new applicators for superficial treatment with a miniature X-ray source (INTRABEAM system) were developed. Here we report our evaluation of the dosimetric characteristics of these new...

Introduction: Radiation therapy is one of the major modalities that have long been used in cancer treatment. Radiotherapy is often accompanied by early and late toxicity and side effects and narrow therapeutic window. Similarity in radiation absorption properties of tumors and neighboring healthy tissues is often the reason for low specificity of radiation therapy. Development ...

soil samples were collected from seven sites in and around the metropolitan area of mexicocity. the locations were chosen as possible sources of fugitive dusts which contribute to suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere of mexico city. x-ray fluorescence (xrf) was used to determine the concentrations of several major elements (si, k, ca, ti, mn, and fe), as well as of other trace element...

In this study, a superelastic Ni-free Ti-based biomedical alloy was treated in surface by the implantation of nitrogen ions for the first time. The N-implanted surface was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and the superficial mechanical properties were evaluated by nano-indentation and by ball-on-disk tribological tests. T...