talking about paganism (jāhiliyya) is in fact a discourse about a procedure that is not limited to a specific time, since paganism is a social mode (disposition), which can appear in any time and space and has its own characteristics, goals, and standards; a reality that the holy qur’ān, the sunna of the prophet (s.a.w.), as well as the researchers’ inquiries have emphasized. the holy qur’ān ha...

This article discusses the roles of kiai muda in offering model typical As'adiyah Islamic Boarding School and disseminating Islam to Eastern part Indonesia. Kiai are descendants ulama graduating from Ma'had Aly at Pesantren As'adiyah. The study aims answer some fundamental queations as what process Islamization conducted by results show that grounds itself on Ahlu Sunna wal Jama'ah school thoug...

Islamic law seeks the harmonious continuation of families and family structure, setting out detailed principles life in main sources sharī‘a, Qur‘an Sunna. That said, termination marriage is considered an acceptable solution by jurists, if spouses do not fulfil their obligations toward each other due to inharmonious relationship or existing dissention where there no hope reconciliation. This pa...

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is defined as any procedure involving the alteration or excision of external female genitalia for no medical reason. Somaliland has among highest prevalence rates FGM globally. In this article we describe how Civil Society Organisation (CSO) ‘Network against in Somaliland’ (NAFIS) approached challenge to reduce high prevalence. From its start 2006, NAFIS develope...

there is an increasing concern among financial statements users about the frauds occurring in the business organizations. the unexpected collapse of corporate giants such as enron and worldcom has driven those interested to pay more attention to the unethical practices in accounting systems. the phenomenon of earnings management is seen as one of the most controversial issues facing the account...

ibn abī al-ḥadīd, as one of the commentators of nahj al-balāgha has tried in his commentaries to take into consideration one of the important principles of fiqh al-ḥadīth, i.e. critique of tradition. having examined the critical approach of the commentator in his writings as well as his pivotal ijtihād (legal reasoning) in his treating traditions, the writer of this article has studied the meth...

a considerable part of the statements in different shi’ite jurisprudential chapters expresses the practical obligations of the obliged (mukallafīn) with respect to the denominational dissidents. the concept of denominational dissidents, in its general sense, refers to all those people who have any faith other than the twelve-imam shiism. among all such dissidents, the people of the tradition (a...

the infallible’s (a.s.) taqrīr, as one of the three tradition types, is that an action is carried out in their presence, and although they can hinder it, they would adopt a position that would denote their consent. there are different issues of interest concerning the infallible’s (a.s.) taqrīr. one of them is the typology of taqrīr, which has not been dealt with yet. the present paper has been...

although believing in the reappearance of imam mahdi is an islamic belief, it has an outstanding position in the shiite school. it can be said the main proof behind this position is that shiites have accepted his birth and life. regardless of the foundations and arguments of shiites, some sunni writers have sharply opposed this belief. ahmad b. taymiyya is one of these writers who has made cert...

there is no doubt that the way to gain access to religious rulings and doctrines is the sunna of the prophet and the imams, as only second to the holy qur’ān, which is reported in thousands of traditions in various tradition books. in the meantime, every theologian and ḥadīth researcher has to leave behind two stages for a proper understanding of traditions: in the first stage, he is to conside...