A 3-D (3-dimensional) numerical modeling approach to analyze the coupling of mineral scale, concentration polarization and permeate flux was developed and demonstrated for a gypsum membrane scaling test in a plate-and-frame RO membrane module geometry. The impact of concentration polarization on mineral gypsum scaling, and in turn the impact of mineral scale on the concentration polarization fi...

Ammonium carbonate and ammonium sulfate have been proposed and used as two new fuels for synthesizing gamma alumina nanoparticles. The prepared samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), 2 N  adsorption (BET) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A comparison has been made between the properties of the nanoparticles synthesized by these two fuels and other conventio...

hydrothermal alteration processes are extensively took place on volcanic and pyroclstics of takestan area. existence of abundant, deep fracturing and subvolcanic intrusions are enhanced extend hydrothermal alteration zones. the following alteration zones are determined: propylitic, argillic, advanced argillic and sillicic. there are outcropped and widespread in different size and limit. formati...

Sulfide oxidation is a common phenomenon associated with many mined ore bodies and extracted or processed waste. Where the products of these chemical reactions can enter a water body the result is often a reduction in water quality through the increase of acidity, metals and dissolved salts. Due to an attributed lower environmental impact the release of sulfate has received little attention in ...

Benzene was mineralized to CO2 by aquifer-derived microorganisms under strictly anaerobic conditions. The degradation occurred in microcosms containing gasoline-contaminated subsurface sediment from Seal Beach, California, and anaerobic, sulfide-reduced defined mineral medium supplemented with 20 mM sulfate. Benzene, at initial concentrations ranging from 40 to 200 microM, was depleted in all m...

[1] We examine the sensitivity of the daily integrated photodissociation rate (DIPR) coefficients of O3(O D) and NO2, the daily averaged O3 photochemical tendency, and OH concentration to variations of clouds and of four aerosol components: black carbon (BC), mineral dust, sea salt, and sulfate. Clouds and BC aerosols are found to be the most important. A comparison between the sensitivity stud...