Using a slit-less spectrograph the spectra in the range of 390-660nm for first return strokes of CG lightning flashes have been obtained both in Qinghai plateau, northwestern China and in coastal area of Guangdong, southern China respectively. The heights of two observation sites differ by 2500 meters. Appling the atomic structure theory to the research work on lightning spectra, parameters suc...

Simulation of weather scenery in computer graphics (CG) is an important issue that has a wide range of applications related to image content, such as in movies and in various landscape simulations. In general, research to date into CG lightning has focused on generating a lightning pattern by applying probability and statistics techniques, which do not consider the generating mechanism of light...

Ball lightning, a fireball sometimes observed during lightnings, has remained unexplained. Here we present a comprehensive theory for the phenomenon: At the tip of a lightning stroke reaching the ground, a relativistic electron bunch can be produced, which in turn excites intense microwave radiation. The latter ionizes the local air and the radiation pressure evacuates the resulting plasma, for...

In case of direct lightning strike to a building dangerous sparking may occur between the external lightning protection system and conductive installations inside the building. To avoid such side flashes a minimum separation distance between conductive parts inside the building and the air termination or down conductor system is required. The standard IEC 62305-3 provides formulae to determine ...

Cloud-to-ground lightning flash locations were examined for nine Atlantic basin hurricanes using data from the National Lightning Detection Network. A common radial distribution in ground flash density was evident: a weak maximum in the eyewall region, a clear minimum 80–100 km outside the eyewall, and a strong maximum in the vicinity of outer rainbands (210–290-km radius). These results are co...

The transmission lines are exposed to the atmosphere nature and will be affected by adverse weather such as lightning storm, so that it will affect the reliability of transmission system. This paper studies the fault probability model of transmission line during the lightning storm, and evaluates the short-term reliability of transmission system in the forecasting weather condition. Firstly, bu...

Lightning injury is the second most common cause of weather-related deaths in the United States. Despite the several neurological complications such as polyneuropathy, myelopathy, spinal cord injury, motor neuron disease due to the lightning-induced injury, there is no documented case of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. We describe the case of a patient with a history of lightning strike at ...

1. Introduction Automated lightning warning systems are a critical component of many day-today operations. This is particularly true of airports but also applies in some industrial applications, such as mining and the manufacture, testing, and handling of explosives and weapons. Many automated lightning warning systems use a combination of lightning detection information and one or more electri...