this thesis is presented 10 ghz voltage controlled ring oscillator for high speed application. the voltage controlled ring oscillator was designed and fabricated in 0.13یm cmos technology. the oscillator is 7-stages ring oscillator with one inverter replaced by nand-gate for shutting down in the ring oscillator during idle mode. tri-state inverter was used to control of 126 bit vector in ri...

the space now known as complete erdos space ec was introduced by paul erdos in 1940 as the closed subspace of the hilbert space ?2 consisting of all vectors such that every coordinate is in the convergent sequence {0} ? { 1 n : n ? n}. in a solution to a problem posed by lex g. oversteegen we present simple and useful topological characterizations of ec. as an application we determine the ...

a significant problem in multicarrier communication systems is the necessity to reduce the value of papr (peak-to-average power ratio) of transmitting signal. in this thesis we study the effect of the system parameters such as coding and modulation types on papr and ultimate ber in a mc-cdma system. in this study we consider fading channel as well as the nonlinearity of transmitter’s amplifier ...

in one pole of the continuum of language learning, theoreticians and practitioners traditionally consider english as english as a second language or english as a foreign language. however, in the other pole of this continuum where english is thought of as the most effective tool for international communication, it is referred to as a lingua franca. those who favor an approach to english growing...

uncertainty in the financial market will be driven by underlying brownian motions, while the assets are assumed to be general stochastic processes adapted to the filtration of the brownian motions. the goal of this study is to calculate the accumulated wealth in order to optimize the expected terminal value using a suitable utility function. this thesis introduced the lim-wong’s benchmark fun...

The Holy Quran, as the guiding book of mankind, contains a collection of divine verses in which there are innumerable truths and mysteries, and is the greatest manifestation of the emergence of a truth in the material body. So that the truth of heaven appears in the material form and the architecture of the garden. Contrary to the simple appearance of Persian garden, the structural and semantic...

Background and purpose: The fruit of the date palm is highly nutrient which is mentioned in Holy Q,uran for several times. In addition to being a good energy source, date contains many micronutrients, therefore, it is recommended in Islamic and traditional medicine for health and prevention of diseases. In this study we reviewed the health benefits of date according to Holy Q,uran, and Islamic ...

in this thesis, first the notion of weak mutual associativity (w.m.a.) and the necessary and sufficient condition for a $(l,gamma)$-associated hypersemigroup $(h, ast)$ derived from some family of $lesssim$-preordered semigroups to be a hypergroup, are given. second, by proving the fact that the concrete categories, semihypergroups and hypergroups have not free objects we will introduce t...

Jewelry comes in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. The purpose of using jewelry, decoration and the beauty of appearance or beliefs enumerate. Men’s rings in Iran are among the ornaments that, in addition to beauty, convey a kind of thought and character. Ring making is one of the original Iranian arts with a long history and varied uses. Ring is sometimes a stamp, a commandment message or on...